A 35 year old man with a history of IV drug use visited a local health clinic with complaints of a dry, persistent cough with blood, fever, malaise, and anorexia. Over the past 4 weeks he had lost 15 pounds and experienced chills and night sweats. His chest x-ray was abnormal and showed a lesion. Induced sputum samples were submitted for bacterial cultures. Cultures were negative after 2 days; however, cultures grew a characteristic organism that is gram positive bacilli after 3 weeks of incubation on enriched media. A differential stain was performed on the isolate. The results showed thin, red, beaded rods on a blue background. The staining procedure employed was most likely: Acid fast stain O Gram stain O Fluorochrorne stain O Endospore stain O None of the above staining procedures would have given that result

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Bacterial Genomics

The study of the morphological, physiological, and evolutionary aspects of the bacterial genome is referred to as bacterial genomics. This subdisciplinary field aids in understanding how genes are assembled into genomes. Further, bacterial or microbial genomics has helped researchers in understanding the pathogenicity of bacteria and other microbes.

Transformation Experiment in Bacteria

In the discovery of genetic material, the experiment conducted by Frederick Griffith on Streptococcus pneumonia proved to be a stepping stone.

Plasmids and Vectors

The DNA molecule that exists in a circular shape and is smaller in size which is capable of its replication is called Plasmids. In other words, it is called extra-chromosomal plasmid DNA. Vectors are the molecule which is capable of carrying genetic material which can be transferred into another cell and further carry out replication and expression. Plasmids can act as vectors.