A 2017 study of 10,478 Bangladesh children tracked the washing habits of the children's mothers via random survey to understand the relationship of these habits with childhood wasting. The data provided include responses from mothers to two items in this survey. The first variable represents a household's access to food: food secure, mildly food insecure, moderately food insecure, or severely food insecure. The second variable represents the mothers' responses when asked whether they use soap when washing clothes. These researchers wish to study if there is a relationship between washing habits and food security. Assuming all conditions for the chi-squared test of independence were met (which may or may not be true), what is the P-value and conclusion of the test?

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The image displays a table and a list of multiple-choice options related to the independence of two variables.

### Table:
The table is divided into two columns labeled "Food Secure" and "Soap."

- **Food Secure Column:**
  - 921
  - 81
  - 89
  - 825

- **Soap Column:**
  - 5591
  - 200
  - 203
  - 2568

### Row Descriptions:
- **Row 1:** Food secure (921) and Soap (5591)
- **Row 2:** Mildly food insecure (81) and Soap (200)
- **Row 3:** Moderately food insecure (89) and Soap (203)
- **Row 4:** Severely food insecure (825) and Soap (2568)

### Multiple-Choice Options:
1. ( ) 0.0000; the two variables are NOT independent.
2. ( ) 1.128; the two variables are independent.
3. ( ) 207.28; the two variables are independent.
4. ( ) 1.128; the two variables are independent.
5. ( ) 0.0000; the two variables are independent.
6. ( ) 207.28; the two variables are NOT independent.
Transcribed Image Text:The image displays a table and a list of multiple-choice options related to the independence of two variables. ### Table: The table is divided into two columns labeled "Food Secure" and "Soap." - **Food Secure Column:** - 921 - 81 - 89 - 825 - **Soap Column:** - 5591 - 200 - 203 - 2568 ### Row Descriptions: - **Row 1:** Food secure (921) and Soap (5591) - **Row 2:** Mildly food insecure (81) and Soap (200) - **Row 3:** Moderately food insecure (89) and Soap (203) - **Row 4:** Severely food insecure (825) and Soap (2568) ### Multiple-Choice Options: 1. ( ) 0.0000; the two variables are NOT independent. 2. ( ) 1.128; the two variables are independent. 3. ( ) 207.28; the two variables are independent. 4. ( ) 1.128; the two variables are independent. 5. ( ) 0.0000; the two variables are independent. 6. ( ) 207.28; the two variables are NOT independent.
In a 2017 study conducted in Bangladesh, researchers explored the relationship between the washing habits of mothers and the food security status of their households, particularly in the context of childhood wasting. The study surveyed 10,478 children’s mothers, focusing on two main variables:

1. **Food Security Status**:
   - Food secure
   - Mildly food insecure
   - Moderately food insecure
   - Severely food insecure

2. **Washing Habits**:
   - Whether the mother used soap when washing clothes.

The data collected is summarized in a table showing the number of mothers who used soap versus those who did not, cross-referenced with their level of food security:

|                          | Did not use soap | Used soap |
|--------------------------|------------------|-----------|
| **Food secure**          | 921              | 5591      |
| **Mildly food insecure** | 81               | 200       |
| **Moderately food insecure** | 89              | 203       |
| **Severely food insecure** | 825             | 2568      |

The researchers aimed to determine whether a significant relationship exists between these two variables using a chi-squared test of independence. Assuming all necessary conditions for this statistical test were satisfied, the analysis would yield a P-value, leading to a conclusion on the presence or absence of a relationship between washing habits and food security.
Transcribed Image Text:In a 2017 study conducted in Bangladesh, researchers explored the relationship between the washing habits of mothers and the food security status of their households, particularly in the context of childhood wasting. The study surveyed 10,478 children’s mothers, focusing on two main variables: 1. **Food Security Status**: - Food secure - Mildly food insecure - Moderately food insecure - Severely food insecure 2. **Washing Habits**: - Whether the mother used soap when washing clothes. The data collected is summarized in a table showing the number of mothers who used soap versus those who did not, cross-referenced with their level of food security: | | Did not use soap | Used soap | |--------------------------|------------------|-----------| | **Food secure** | 921 | 5591 | | **Mildly food insecure** | 81 | 200 | | **Moderately food insecure** | 89 | 203 | | **Severely food insecure** | 825 | 2568 | The researchers aimed to determine whether a significant relationship exists between these two variables using a chi-squared test of independence. Assuming all necessary conditions for this statistical test were satisfied, the analysis would yield a P-value, leading to a conclusion on the presence or absence of a relationship between washing habits and food security.
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