A 200 mm reinforced concrete wall carries a dead load of 140 kN/m including self-weight and a live load of 60 kN/m. It is to be carried by 500 mm thick footing with its bottom 1.5 m below NGL. Soil bearing capacity is 180 kPa. fc'= 21 MPa, unit weight of concrete = 24 kN/m3, unit weight of soil 18 kN/m3. = Determine the width of the footing required to carry the given loads. 1.5 m PD = 140 kN/m P₁ = 60 kN/m B 500 mm

Q: 10

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Load and resistance factor design

Load and resistance factors design (LRFD), also known as Limit state design (LSD), refers to the design method used in building engineering. A boundary condition is a condition of a structure where it can no longer meet the relevant design requirements. The condition may refer to the load level or other actions on the structure, while the terms refer to the integrity of the structure, suitability for use, durability, or other design requirements. A structure designed for LRFD is limited to keeping track of all possible actions during its design time and is always ready for use, with the appropriate level of reliability in each boundary condition. LRFD-based construction codes clearly define the appropriate levels of reliability in their instructions.