A square column 449 mm x 449 mm rests on a square footing. The column supports a dead load of 1,039 kN and a live load of 830 kN. The soil bearing capacity is 254.26 kPa. The base of the footing is 1.57 m below the ground. Assume unit weight of concrete of 24 kN/m3 and unit weight of soil of 16.6 kN/m3. The footing has a thickness of 597 mm and the centroid of the main bars is 100 mm from the bottom of the footing. Use fc’ = 24.4 MPa, fy = 248 MPa. Calculate the number of required number of 16 mm ϕ bars Note: Present the width (B) in multiples of 100 mm

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Methods to Determine Vertical Stress

The load applied to the soil is transferred to the underground. The presence of water at soil pores and solid grains above the soil are the primary components that are responsible for the effective load transfer. Due to the load acting, the internal component of the soil or the underground formations undergoes deformations or a tectonic shift. The amount of deformation depends upon the amount of load acting on the soil surface, which indeed, depends on the weight of everything present above the soil. Due to this, the underground soil element develops internal stresses which try to resist the tectonic changes.