A combined footing is proposed to support two columns, C1 and C2, with loads equal to 2000 kN and 3000 kN, respectively. The column C1 has dimensions equal to 25x50 cm and C2 has dimensions 25x75 cm, while the spacing between the two columns is 5 meters. The footing is to be founded in a silty sand soil layer with the following engineering properties: y = IN m 20 kDo Th able is

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Load and resistance factor design

Load and resistance factors design (LRFD), also known as Limit state design (LSD), refers to the design method used in building engineering. A boundary condition is a condition of a structure where it can no longer meet the relevant design requirements. The condition may refer to the load level or other actions on the structure, while the terms refer to the integrity of the structure, suitability for use, durability, or other design requirements. A structure designed for LRFD is limited to keeping track of all possible actions during its design time and is always ready for use, with the appropriate level of reliability in each boundary condition. LRFD-based construction codes clearly define the appropriate levels of reliability in their instructions.