A -2.8% grade meets a 5.3% grade at a vertex (El. 141.94m) directly under an overpass bridge having underside elevation of 168.27m. A 5.3 meters clearance under the right edge of the bridge and the curve was observed. A water pipe will be installed throughout the curve having a slope of 1:149.4 (V:H). Water inside the pipe will flow by the use of gravity, consider that the inlet is at the beginning of the curve and the outlet is at the end. The pipe has an outside diameter of 415.4 mm and a thickness of 59.9mm. The inlet and the outlet of the water pipe are measured in meters below the surface of the pavement, respectively. Give the difference in elevation between the inlet and outlet portion of the pipe above sea level in meters if the bridge above the curve is having a width of 13.9 meters and the top of the inlet portion of the pipe is 4.6 meters below the pavement. PT is having 163.1 meters elevation above sea level.

Q: 500ft vertical curve has PVI elevation 240.31ft. the initial and final grades are 2.1% and -3.3%…

A: solution Given g1=2.1% ;g2=-3.3%so total change N =g1-g2=2.1-3.3=5.4%Length L =500ftelevation of…

Q: An underpass crossing a reinforced concrete bridge along the Shaw Blvd. has a downward grade of -4%…

A: g1 = -4%g2 = 8%Sta (PVI) = 7 + 700 Elv (PVI) = 70 m

Q: A 600ft vertical curve has its PVI at elevation 404.44ft. The initial and final grades are 3.1% and…

A: Determination of Elevation  of point 364ft from PVC

Q: A 500ft vertical curve has its PVI at elevation 371.25ft. The initial and final grades are 3.4% and…

A:

Q: % with a final grade (G2) of +3.3%.  The stationing of the PVI is 150+00 and the elevation is 243.00…

A:

Q: A vertical sag curve joins a -3.0% downgrade with a 2.0% upgrade. The Chainage at Vertical…

A: Given Data:g1=-3%g2=2.0%Chainage at vertical intersection point = 1100mreduced level = 122mchainage…

Q: mum clearance under the bridge is 5 m and the elevation of the bottom 78.1. Determine the following:…

A: g1 = -4%g2 = 8%Sta (PVI) = 7 + 700 Elv (PVI) = 170 m

Q: The rod reading of Sta. 100 + 270 is 0.26m. with the same H.I., the rod reading at Sta. 100 + 320 is…

A:

Q: A-4.4% grade meets a 7.9% grade at a vertex (El. 136.35m) directly under an overpass bridge having…

A: Given, g1=-4.4 %g2=7.9 % A=12.3 % Tangent Elevation at PVI = 136.35m Bridge Elevation = 156.79 m

Q: 800ft vertical curve has its PVI at elevation 232.25ft. The initial and final grades are

A:

Composite Construction

Composite construction is the construction of structures in which two or more materials are used. Regarding structural engineering, composite construction is a construction where two materials are bound together in a technical manner such that both the materials act as a single unit to carry and transfer the load. The motives of composite construction are to increase the structural strength, make structures more aesthetic, and provide a sustainable environment.