Reactive Intermediates
In chemistry, reactive intermediates are termed as short-lived, highly reactive atoms with high energy. They rapidly transform into stable particles during a chemical reaction. In specific cases, by means of matrix isolation and at low-temperature reactive intermediates can be isolated.
Hydride Shift
A hydride shift is a rearrangement of a hydrogen atom in a carbocation that occurs to make the molecule more stable. In organic chemistry, rearrangement of the carbocation is very easily seen. This rearrangement can be because of the movement of a carbocation to attain stability in the compound. Such structural reorganization movement is called a shift within molecules. After the shifting of carbocation over the different carbon then they form structural isomers of the previous existing molecule.
Vinylic Carbocation
A carbocation where the positive charge is on the alkene carbon is known as the vinyl carbocation or vinyl cation. The empirical formula for vinyl cation is C2H3+. In the vinyl carbocation, the positive charge is on the carbon atom with the double bond therefore it is sp hybridized. It is known to be a part of various reactions, for example, electrophilic addition of alkynes and solvolysis as well. It plays the role of a reactive intermediate in these reactions.
Cycloheptatrienyl Cation
It is an aromatic carbocation having a general formula, [C7 H7]+. It is also known as the aromatic tropylium ion. Its name is derived from the molecule tropine, which is a seven membered carbon atom ring. Cycloheptatriene or tropylidene was first synthesized from tropine.
Stability of Vinyl Carbocation
Carbocations are positively charged carbon atoms. It is also known as a carbonium ion.
A linear alkene is converted to a disubstituted alkyne.
**b)**
A linear alkene, with the constraint of no other carbon source, is converted to an ether compound with branching at the terminal carbon.
---
**Problem Explanation:**
1. **Part a)** showcases a linear alkene beginning material (in a zig-zag structure) being converted into a final product that contains an alkyne group with additional substituents indicating it’s a disubstituted alkyne. The goal is to determine the intermediate products and the reagents necessary to achieve this conversion.
2. **Part b)** involves transforming a similar linear alkene to an ether with specific branching at the terminal carbon. The additional challenge here is to ensure that no other carbon source, aside from the provided reagent, is used in the synthetic route.
---
**Diagrams and Routes:**
**Transformation a) Step-by-Step Explanation:**
1. **Reagent 1**: Conversion to an intermediate alkyne compound.
2. **Further addition**: Producing the final disubstituted alkyne product relevant in various organic synthesis applications.
**Transformation b) Step-by-Step Explanation:**
1. **Addition of specific elements**: Possibly using mechanisms such as epoxidation followed by opening of the epoxide ring.
2. **Constraint management**: Ensuring no other carbon sources are introduced, often achieved by employing intramolecular reactions or specific reagents that do not contribute extra carbon atoms.
---
By providing a step-by-step planned route and indicating intermediate products, this exercise reinforces understanding of synthetic strategies and the logic behind choosing certain reagents for organic transformations.
**Note for Students:**
Understanding synthetic routes is crucial in organic chemistry as it empowers you to design pathways for complex compound synthesis useful in pharmaceuticals, material science, and other advanced chemical industries.
---](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F06f0fbe0-f317-435d-a2b5-90be2d5876f1%2F8a3852b3-215d-409f-be7b-97a0435fa81d%2Ferymfqp_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
Trending now
This is a popular solution!
Step by step
Solved in 2 steps with 1 images
