9. An undergraduate ecology student doing research on niche dimensions decided to repeat part of R. H. MacArthur's famous study of foraging behavior of warblers in northeastern coniferous forests. She marked the heights of various branches in several conifers with colored tape and observed two similar species of warbler with binoculars and recorded the average foraging height for each bird. The heights in feet for the individuals observed were: Bay-breasted warbler 17 10 13 12 13 11 13 16 17 19 Blackburnian warbler 15 17 17 18 15 16 17 24 20 16 24 15 (a) Calculate the mean and standard deviation of the foraging heights for each species. Comment on the results. (b) Determine the median and range for each species. Which of the two statistics, the standard deviation or the range, is a better reflection of the variability in the foraging height? Explain.

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Communities and Ecosystems

Ecology contains two words: Eikos means dwelling, and logy means to study, so the combined meaning is studying habitat or living.