8.9 Monkey calls. The usual way to study the brain's response to sounds is to have subjects listen to “pure tones." The response to recognizable sounds may differ. To compare responses, researchers anesthetized macaque monkeys. They fed pure tones and also monkey calls directly into their brains by inserting electrodes. Response to the stimulus was measured by the firing rate (electrical spikes per second) of neurons in various areas of the brain. Table 8.3 contains the responses for 37 neurons.

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  1. Plot and describe the distribution of neuronal responses to a pure tone. Provide an appropriate numerical summary. If there are outliers, also obtain the summary statistics omitting them and discuss their influence.
  2. Plot and describe the distribution of neuronal responses to a monkey call. Provide an appropriate numerical summary. If there are outliers, also obtain the summary statistics omitting them and discuss their influence.
  3. In what percent of the 37 neurons examined is the response to monkey calls stronger than the response to pure tones?
  4. Is there a relationship between neuronal tone response and call response? Make a scatterplot using pure-tone response for the horizontal axis. Describe this relationship and, if appropriate, provide a measure of its strength.
8.9 Monkey Calls. The study investigates the brain's response to sounds in macaque monkeys by comparing reactions to "pure tones" and monkey calls. Researchers measured neuronal response using the firing rate in electrical spikes per second. Table 8.3 presents data for 37 neurons, showing their responses to both tones and monkey calls.

**Table 8.3 Neuron Response (spikes per second) to Tones and Monkey Calls**

| Neuron | Tone | Call | Neuron | Tone | Call | Neuron | Tone | Call |
|--------|------|------|--------|------|------|--------|------|------|
| 1      | 474  | 500  | 14     | 145  | 42   | 26     | 71   | 134  |
| 2      | 256  | 138  | 15     | 141  | 241  | 27     | 68   | 65   |
| 3      | 241  | 485  | 16     | 129  | 194  | 28     | 59   | 182  |
| 4      | 226  | 338  | 17     | 113  | 123  | 29     | 59   | 97   |
| 5      | 185  | 194  | 18     | 112  | 182  | 30     | 57   | 318  |
| 6      | 174  | 159  | 19     | 102  | 141  | 31     | 56   | 201  |
| 7      | 176  | 341  | 20     | 100  | 118  | 32     | 47   | 279  |
| 8      | 168  | 85   | 21     | 74   | 62   | 33     | 46   | 62   |
| 9      | 161  | 303  | 22     | 72   | 112  | 34     | 41   | 84   |
| 10     | 150  | 208  | 23     | 20   | 193  | 35     | 26   | 203  |
Transcribed Image Text:8.9 Monkey Calls. The study investigates the brain's response to sounds in macaque monkeys by comparing reactions to "pure tones" and monkey calls. Researchers measured neuronal response using the firing rate in electrical spikes per second. Table 8.3 presents data for 37 neurons, showing their responses to both tones and monkey calls. **Table 8.3 Neuron Response (spikes per second) to Tones and Monkey Calls** | Neuron | Tone | Call | Neuron | Tone | Call | Neuron | Tone | Call | |--------|------|------|--------|------|------|--------|------|------| | 1 | 474 | 500 | 14 | 145 | 42 | 26 | 71 | 134 | | 2 | 256 | 138 | 15 | 141 | 241 | 27 | 68 | 65 | | 3 | 241 | 485 | 16 | 129 | 194 | 28 | 59 | 182 | | 4 | 226 | 338 | 17 | 113 | 123 | 29 | 59 | 97 | | 5 | 185 | 194 | 18 | 112 | 182 | 30 | 57 | 318 | | 6 | 174 | 159 | 19 | 102 | 141 | 31 | 56 | 201 | | 7 | 176 | 341 | 20 | 100 | 118 | 32 | 47 | 279 | | 8 | 168 | 85 | 21 | 74 | 62 | 33 | 46 | 62 | | 9 | 161 | 303 | 22 | 72 | 112 | 34 | 41 | 84 | | 10 | 150 | 208 | 23 | 20 | 193 | 35 | 26 | 203 |
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