Genetics - DNA EvidenceScientists can look at how similar two organisms' DNA is to see how closely they are related.Comparing the chromosomes of organisms lets scientists see the any differences between them such aschromosome number or the genes on the chromosomes. Our closest relatives, chimpanzees, gorillas andorangutans possess 48 chromosomes or 24 pairs, while humans possess 46 chromosomes or 23 pairs. Thedifference in our chromosome numbers could have two explanations. Either the human lineage lost achromosome or there was a fusion between two chromosomes, which means a pair of chromosomes must havecombined.8. How does the study of genetics and DNA help the study of evolution?

Answered: 8. How does the study of genetics and…

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8. How does the study of genetics and DNA help the study of evolution?

Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781305251052

Author:Michael Cummings

Publisher:Michael Cummings

Chapter6: Cytogenetics: Karyotypes And Chromosome Aberrations

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1QP: Analyzing Karyotypes 1. Originally, karyotypic analysis relied only on size and centromere placement...

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Concept 23. A gene is a discrete sequence of DNA nucleotides. This concept describes the discovery of the DNA sequencing technique that made modern biology and bioinformatics possible. The method was later used to sequence the human genome and genomes of many other organisms. This led to the accumulation of great numbers of nucleotide and protein sequences in the numerous databases. The concept 23 web page is here: http://www.dnaftb.org/23/ After reading the Concept page, answer the following questions. What was the Mendel’s definition of a gene? How was it different from the definition by Beadle and Tatum? Describe proteins based on the early sequencing efforts. What was the definition of a protein coding gene based on the genetic code? What are the beginning and ending codons of the gene’s protein coding sequence? What is the name of the method that makes use of a “defective” DNA nucleotide? After reviewing the Animation pages, answer the following…
Copyright 2006 Nature Publishing Group Nature Reviews | Genetics Copyright © 2006 Nature Publishing Group Nature Reviews | Genetics The microscope image above shows the human chromosomes from a white blood cell. To create the image, researchers put cells in culture under conditions that encourage the cells to divide. They bathed the cells in a hypotonic (low salt) solution, which caused the cells to swell until their plasma membrane burst open. They "squashed" the chromosomes to spread them out, and stained them with a dye to make them visible under the microscope. Human chromosomes are numbered from longest (1) to shortest (22) plus the sex chromosomes X and Y. In the image chromosome 1 is about 7 micrometers. Answer the following questions. 1) What word(s) in the description above indicates that the chromosomes are not from a cell undergoing meiosis? 2) Based on the size, shape and appearance of the chromosomes in the image, in what cell cycle stage was the cell that the chromosomes…
planet Reen in a distant solar system. They only have one chromosome with eight genes on it that determines the organism's appearance. Your job is to transcribe and translate the DNA and determine what traits the organism has and In this simulation, you will examine the DNA sequence of a fictitious organism. These organisms were discovered on the TAC CAT AGA TTT ATT TAC CAA GGA TGA GGT TTC ATC TÁC GAA GAG GAG GGG ATT TAC CAA CGC CGA ATT TÁC GTA GTG ATC TAC CAT AAA ATA ACT TAC TTA TAA GAA GAC GGG TGT ACT TAC TTA Protein Synthesis then sketch the organism TTA TTA CGT ATT TAC AAG AGC GTG ATT TAC TCC TCT TTA TGT ATT Amino Acid Sequence Genes Description Short and spiky hair Met - val - ser - leu Gene 1- body covering Met - val - ser - lys Long and curly hairy Met - tyr - pro - glu - pro - lys Gene 2 - body shape Met- val - pro - thr - pro - lys Round body Met - leu - leu - leu - pro Square body Gene 3 - # of legs Met - leu - leu - ser - ala 4 legged 2 legged Met-ala - val - val round head…
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What are some differences between the types ofsequences found in eukaryotic chromosomes versus bacterial chromosomes?
Examine Figure . What type of chromosome (metacentric, submetacentric, acrocentric, or telocentric) is chromosome 1? What about chromosome 4?
. Peas (Pisum sativum) are diploid and 2n = 14. In Neurospora, the haploid fungus, n = 7. If you were to isolategenomic DNA from both species and use electrophoresisto separate DNA molecules by size, how many distinctDNA bands would be visible in each species?
Research group in Japan studied chromosomes found in Asterina pectinifera, a starfish found in the Pacific Ocean near Japan and Russia. This starfish can reproduce asexually by fission, which is splitting into fragments and regenerating. This starfish also reproduces sexually, where the female lays eggs and the male fertilizes the eggs. The image attached contains one of the pairs of chromosomes the research group in Japan studied. A model representation of the chromosomes is also included and labelled P and p. The lines on the chromosomes represent genes. By using the information in the attached image can you complete these two models: Develop a model (e.g., Punnett squares, diagrams, etc.) of an Asterina pectinifera parent (Pp) reproducing asexually and the genetic variation in the offspring. This model must include parents, offspring, and chromosome pairs. Develop a model (e.g., Punnett squares, diagrams, etc.) of two Asterina pectinifera parents (Pp) reproducing…
When a DNA molecule is in water, each base pair releases a pair of hydrogen ions. As a result, the DNA molecule has a net charge. Since there are a lot of base pairs in a string of DNA, this can be a lot of charge! On the web, find a reliable site (and say why you think it is reliable) that tells you the number of base pairs in a typical human chromosome. (Not the Y chromosome!) To get a sense of the total amount of charge involved, imagine that you had two coiled up chromosomes, each with a charge of 2 extra electrons per base pair. Suppose you held them fixed in a vacuum one micrometer apart. For simplicity, model the chromosomes as point charges. Estimate the electric force that the two chromosomes exert on each other in this situation. Explain why this kind of electrostatic repulsion is not a problem when DNA is in its natural environment. You may take the Coulomb constant to be kC ~ 9 x 109 N-m2 /C2 .
From the time an organism is first conceived until the time it dies, it has undergone an estimated 10 quadrillion divisions (that's 1 trillion times 10 thousand, for those keeping score at home). That's a pretty big number. The human genome has roughly 4 billion base pairs. What would happen if human DNA manufacturing & proofreading machinery erred at a rate of 1 in a million? What about 1 in a billion? 1 in a trillion? What number must be reached to be compatible with life & yet not so cumbersome such that the cell has no energy left for any other growth or manufacturing?
ganism you are working with has the following chromosomes. Place the chromosomes of this organism onto the cell below such that the diagram accurately shows a cell from this organism in metaphase of mitosis. Note 1: Only place chromosomes you need. You don't need them all. Note 2: You can place the 'Blank Box' image if you don't think you need a chromosome at a particular position. Deshed ine the metaphase plate
All of the above 8. Which is the correct description of the human chromosome number? * O2n =23 (where n=23, the number of different numbered human chromosomes) O2n = 46 (where n=23, the number of different numbered human chromosomes) O 4n = 23 (where n=23, the number of different numbered human chromosomes) O4n = 46 (where n=23, the number of different numbered human chromosomes) Any comments please use this space (e.g. to clarify an answer or point out w issues on questions, etc.)