Homework Help is Here – Start Your Trial Now!
Science
Chemistry
8. Ethanol is a toxic substance that, when consumed in excess, can impair respiratory and cardiac functions by interference with the neurotransmitters of the nervous system. In the human body, ethanol is metabolized by the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase to acetaldehyde, which causes "hangovers". (a) Based on your knowledge on enzyme kinetics, explain why binge drinking (i.e. consuming too much alcohol too fast) can prove fatal. (b) Methanol is even more toxic than ethanol. It is also metabolized by alcohol dehydrogenase, and the product, formaldehyde, can cause blindness or death. An antidote to methanol poisoning is ethanol. Explain how this procedure works.

8. Ethanol is a toxic substance that, when consumed in excess, can impair respiratory and cardiac functions by interference with the neurotransmitters of the nervous system. In the human body, ethanol is metabolized by the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase to acetaldehyde, which causes "hangovers". (a) Based on your knowledge on enzyme kinetics, explain why binge drinking (i.e. consuming too much alcohol too fast) can prove fatal. (b) Methanol is even more toxic than ethanol. It is also metabolized by alcohol dehydrogenase, and the product, formaldehyde, can cause blindness or death. An antidote to methanol poisoning is ethanol. Explain how this procedure works.

Chemistry
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
See similar textbooks
icon
Related questions
Question

Pls help me answer number 8

1. Describe the interconversions of forms of energy occurring in these processes: (a) You throw a softball up into the air and catch it. (b) You switch on a flashlight. (c) You ride a ski lift to the top of the hill and then skid down. (d) You strike a match and let it burn down. 2. What is heat? Under what condition/s is it transferred from one system to another? 3. (a) As snowmaking machine contains a mixture of compressed air and water vapor at about 20 atm. When the mixture is spread to the atmosphere, it expands so rapidly that, as a good approximation, no heat exchange occurs between the system (air and water) and its surroundings. (In thermodynamics, such a process is called a diabetic process.) Do a first law of thermodynamics analysis to show how snow is formed under these conditions. 4. (a) A person drinks 4 glasses of cold water (3.0 C) every day. The volume of each glass is 2.5 X 10° mL. How much heat (in kJ) does the body have to supply to raise the temperature of the water to 37 C, the body temperature. (b) How much heat would your body lose if you were to ingest 8.0 X 10 g of snow at OC to quench your thrust? (The amount of heat necessary to melt snow is 6.01 kJ/mol.) What is meant by the rate of a chemical reaction? 5. What is meant by the rate of a chemical reaction? Can you suggest two reactions that are very slow (take days or longer to complete) and two reactions that are very fast (are in minutes or seconds)? 6. Consider the reaction, A B. The rate of the reaction is 1.6 X 102 M/s when the concentration of A is 0.35 M. Calculate the rate constant if the reaction is (a) first order in A, (b) second order in A. 7. The equilibrium constant Kp for the reaction 2SO3(g) = 2SO:(g) + 0 (g) is 5.0 X 104 at 302 C. What is the Ke for this reaction? 8. Ethanol is a toxic substance that, when consumed in excess, can impair respiratory and cardiac functions by interference with the neurotransmitters of the nervous system. In the human body, ethanol is metabolized by the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase to acetaldehyde, which causes "hangovers". (a) Based on your knowledge on enzyme kinetics, explain why binge drinking (i.e. consuming too much alcohol too fast) can prove fatal. (b) Methanol is even more toxic than ethanol. It is also metabolized by alcohol dehydrogenase, and the product, formaldehyde, can cause blindness or death. An antidote to methanol poisoning is ethanol. Explain how this procedure works. 9. Define Bronsted acids and bases. How do the Bronsted definitions differ from Arhenius's defintions of acids and bases? 10. Calculate the hydrogen ion concentration in moles per liter for each of these solution: (a) a solution whose pH is 5.20, (b) a solition whose pH is 16.00, (c) a soltuion whose hydroxide concentration is 3.7 X 10 M.
Transcribed Image Text:1. Describe the interconversions of forms of energy occurring in these processes: (a) You throw a softball up into the air and catch it. (b) You switch on a flashlight. (c) You ride a ski lift to the top of the hill and then skid down. (d) You strike a match and let it burn down. 2. What is heat? Under what condition/s is it transferred from one system to another? 3. (a) As snowmaking machine contains a mixture of compressed air and water vapor at about 20 atm. When the mixture is spread to the atmosphere, it expands so rapidly that, as a good approximation, no heat exchange occurs between the system (air and water) and its surroundings. (In thermodynamics, such a process is called a diabetic process.) Do a first law of thermodynamics analysis to show how snow is formed under these conditions. 4. (a) A person drinks 4 glasses of cold water (3.0 C) every day. The volume of each glass is 2.5 X 10° mL. How much heat (in kJ) does the body have to supply to raise the temperature of the water to 37 C, the body temperature. (b) How much heat would your body lose if you were to ingest 8.0 X 10 g of snow at OC to quench your thrust? (The amount of heat necessary to melt snow is 6.01 kJ/mol.) What is meant by the rate of a chemical reaction? 5. What is meant by the rate of a chemical reaction? Can you suggest two reactions that are very slow (take days or longer to complete) and two reactions that are very fast (are in minutes or seconds)? 6. Consider the reaction, A B. The rate of the reaction is 1.6 X 102 M/s when the concentration of A is 0.35 M. Calculate the rate constant if the reaction is (a) first order in A, (b) second order in A. 7. The equilibrium constant Kp for the reaction 2SO3(g) = 2SO:(g) + 0 (g) is 5.0 X 104 at 302 C. What is the Ke for this reaction? 8. Ethanol is a toxic substance that, when consumed in excess, can impair respiratory and cardiac functions by interference with the neurotransmitters of the nervous system. In the human body, ethanol is metabolized by the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase to acetaldehyde, which causes "hangovers". (a) Based on your knowledge on enzyme kinetics, explain why binge drinking (i.e. consuming too much alcohol too fast) can prove fatal. (b) Methanol is even more toxic than ethanol. It is also metabolized by alcohol dehydrogenase, and the product, formaldehyde, can cause blindness or death. An antidote to methanol poisoning is ethanol. Explain how this procedure works. 9. Define Bronsted acids and bases. How do the Bronsted definitions differ from Arhenius's defintions of acids and bases? 10. Calculate the hydrogen ion concentration in moles per liter for each of these solution: (a) a solution whose pH is 5.20, (b) a solition whose pH is 16.00, (c) a soltuion whose hydroxide concentration is 3.7 X 10 M.
Expert Solution
trending now

Trending now

This is a popular solution!

steps

Step by step

Solved in 2 steps

SEE SOLUTIONCheck out a sample Q&A here
Blurred answer
Knowledge Booster
Mass Spectrometry
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, chemistry and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.
Similar questions
  • SEE MORE QUESTIONS
Recommended textbooks for you
Chemistry
Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:
9781305957404
Author:
Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:
Cengage Learning
Chemistry
Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:
9781259911156
Author:
Raymond Chang Dr., Jason Overby Professor
Publisher:
McGraw-Hill Education
Principles of Instrumental Analysis
Principles of Instrumental Analysis
Chemistry
ISBN:
9781305577213
Author:
Douglas A. Skoog, F. James Holler, Stanley R. Crouch
Publisher:
Cengage Learning
Organic Chemistry
Organic Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:
9780078021558
Author:
Janice Gorzynski Smith Dr.
Publisher:
McGraw-Hill Education
Chemistry: Principles and Reactions
Chemistry: Principles and Reactions
Chemistry
ISBN:
9781305079373
Author:
William L. Masterton, Cecile N. Hurley
Publisher:
Cengage Learning
Elementary Principles of Chemical Processes, Bind…
Elementary Principles of Chemical Processes, Bind…
Chemistry
ISBN:
9781118431221
Author:
Richard M. Felder, Ronald W. Rousseau, Lisa G. Bullard
Publisher:
WILEY
SEE MORE TEXTBOOKS