60 % of the steam is extracted from the turbine and the remainder expands to 10 kPa. Part of the extracted steam is used to heat the feedwater in an open feedwater heater. The rest of the extracted steam is used for process heating and leaves the process heater as a saturated liquid at 0.4 MPa. It is subsequently mixed with the feedwater leaving the feed water heater, and the mixture is pumped to the boiler pressure. Assume the turbines and pumps to be isentropic, determine the mass flow (17.7 ke/e] rate of steam through the boiler for a net power output of 15 MW. Turbine Boiler Process heater Condenser FWH Pump II Pump I Figure 2: An Cogeneration power plant

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Properties of Pure Substances

A substance with fixed chemical composition throughout is called a pure substance like water, air, and nitrogen. A pure substance does not have to be a single element or compound. A mixture of two or more phases of a pure substance is also a pure substance as long as the chemical composition is the same for all phases. These substances mainly have a constant/ uniform composition. The substances also have fixed boiling and melting points. A pure substance takes part in a chemical reaction to form predictable products.