6.some of the children given a new flu vaccine later develop a neurological disease. Parents claim the vaccine caused the disease. What are the two possible statistical explanations for this result?
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6.some of the children given a new flu vaccine later develop a neurological disease. Parents claim the vaccine caused the disease. What are the two possible statistical explanations for this result?
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- 9. In a longitudinal study, researchers measured social media use and depressive symptoms in young adults over a six-year period. The results suggested that social media use is a symptom of depression, but not a catalyst for it. Which pattern of cross-lag correlations would provide the strongest support for this conclusion? a. Earlier depressive symptoms predict later social media use, but earlier social media use does not predict later depressive symptoms. b. Earlier social media use predicts later depressive symptoms, but earlier depressive symptoms do not predict later social media use. Earlier social media use predicts later depressive symptoms, and earlier depressive symptoms predict later social media use. d. Earlier social media use predicts earlier depressive symptoms, and later social media use predicts later depressive symptoms. C.A company operating in Bangladesh can be in one of the three legal states: enlisted, going through the enlistment process, and not enlisted. You have data on 160 companies among which 112 were enlisted, 30 were going through the enlistment process, and 18 were not enlisted. If six companies are selected at random, a. what is the probability that there will be two companies in each of the three categories? b. Do you think correlation and regression are same? Explain very briefly.A researcher is creating a new treatment protocol for Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS), a form of preleukemia. Following the old treatment protocol, 28% of patients with MDS will develop leukemia within 5 years of MDS diagnosis. He believes his new treatment protocol will lead to fewer MDS patients developing leukemia. He takes a random sample of 100 individuals on his new treatment protocol. Of these 100 individuals, 20 develop leukemia within 5 years of MDS diagnosis. Conduct a hypothesis test at the 10% level to test this claim that his new treatment protocol will lead to fewer MDS patients developing leukemia. What is the significance level? a. 0.10 b. 0.05 c. 0.20 d. 0.01 e. 0.28
- A new drug to treat psoriasis has been developed and is in clinical testing. Assume that those individuals given the drug are examined before receiving the treatment and then again after receiving the treatment to determine if there was a change in their symptom status. If the initial results showed that 3.0% of individuals entered the study in remission, 74.0% of individuals entered the study with mild symptoms, 13.0% of individuals entered the study with moderate symptoms, and 4.0% entered the study with severe symptoms calculate and interpret a chi-squared test to determine if the drug was effective treating psoriasis given the information below from the final examination. Remission (No Symptoms of Psoriasis) Mild Symptoms of Psoriasis Moderate Symptoms of Psoriasis Severe Symptoms of Psoriasis Total Number of Participants to Receive the Drug Number of Participants 455 635 85 7 1182A decade-old study found that the proportion of high school seniors who felt that "getting rich" was an important personal goal was 71%. Suppose that we have reason to believe that this proportion has changed, and we wish to carry out a hypothesis test to see if our belief can be supported. State the null hypothesis H0 and the alternative hypothesis H1 that we would use for this test.D Country Financial, a financial services company, uses surveys of adults age 18 and older to determine whether personal financial fitness changing over time. A recent sample of 1000 adults showed 410 indicating that their financial security was more than fair. Just a year prior, a sample of 900 adults showed 315 indicating that their financial security was more than fair. a. State the hypotheses that can be used to test for a significant difference between the population proportions for the two years. Ho : P1 – p2- Select your answer - Ha : Pi - P2 - Select your answer - b. Conduct the hypothesis test and compute the p-value. Round your answer to four decimal places. p-value = %3D At a = 0.05 level of significance, what is your conclusion? I. Reject Ho. There is not sufficient evidence to conclude that the population proportions are not equal. The data do not suggest that there has been a change in the population proportion saying that their financial security is more than fair. II.…
- Mammography and clinical breast examination are the two major techniques used to screen for breast cancer. However, as true for any screening test, they are not completely accurate. If it is determined, based on mammographic findings, that there is a possibility of breast cancer, this is usually confirmed or disconfirmed by a subsequent biopsy. A false positive test is a mammogram positive test that is disconfirmed by biopsy. The data in Table 1 were reported in a paper concerning breast cancer screening (Elmore, et al, New England Journal of Medicine 1998; 338(16): 1089-1096). Table 1 False positive breast cancer screening tests over a 10-year period # Screening tests # False positive tests 9762 631 1. Another aspect of mammographic screening is the presence of false negatives. A false negative is a screen negative woman who has breast cancer. False negatives usually occur because the tumors are small and hard to detect. It is estimated that among women with breast cancer, 2% of all…A more recent study involved 124 older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), which is an early sign of dementia. Four years after their diagnoses, they were brought in for medical and cognitive exams. Some of the patients' conditions had progressed to Alzheimer's disease. After blood tests, it was learned that those with Alzheimer's had 51% less caffeine in their blood. Part A: What type of study is this? Experimental Observational Part B: What is the explanatory variable in this study? Alzheimer's disease Caffeine level Part C: What is the response variable? Alzheimer's disease O Caffeine levelQuestion 2: If all information remains the same as previous question (i.e., Question 1), except the researcher intended to test the hypothesis at a 1% significant level. What (i.e., H0; H1; ; one tail or two tail; Critical z; obtained z; reject or fail to reject) will be different? If all other information remains the same as previous question (i.e., Question 1), except the researcher’s hypothesis is “The average IQ of students from statistics courses on average is different from IQ score than the population IQ score." What (i.e., H0; H1; ; one tail or two tail; Critical z; obtained z; reject or fail to reject) will be different?
- In a number of pharmaceutical studies volunteers who take placebos but they are told they have taken a cold remedy report the following side effects head ache 25%, drowsiness 7%, stomach upset 4%, no side effects 84%.a random sample of 250 people who were given a placebo but who thought they have taken an anti inflammatory reported whether they had experienced each of the side effects. Do the data presented in the table provide enough evidence to infer that the reported side effects of placebo for an anti inflammatory differ from that of a cold remedy? Use 10% significance level. Side effects number of people Headache 10 Drowsiness 19 Stomach upset 6 No side effect 215Peanut Allergies. In the article “Food Allergy Advice May Be Peanuts” (Science News, Vol. 174, No. 12, pp. 8–9), N. Seppa reports that early exposure to peanuts seems to lessen the risk of nut allergy. Of 4000 Jewish children sampled in Britain, 1.85% had peanut allergies; and of 4600 Jewish children sampled in Israel, where early peanut consumption is more common, 0.17% had peanut allergies. The researcher chose Jewish children in both countries to limit genetic differences between groups. a. Is this study descriptive or inferential? b. Is this study observational or experimental?Cat Ownership and Schizophrenia Could owning a cat as a child be related to mental illness later in life? Toxoplasmosis is a disease transmitted primarily through contact with cat feces, and has recently been linked with schizophrenia and other mental illnesses. Also, people infected with Toxoplasmosis tend to like cats more and are 2.5 times more likely to get in a car accident, due to delayed reaction times. The CDC estimates that about 22.5% of Americans are infected with Toxoplasmosis (most have no symptoms), and this prevalence can be as high as 95 % in other parts of the world. A study' randomly selected 262 people registered with the National Alliance for the Mentally III (NAMI), almost all of whom had schizophrenia, and for each person selected, chose two people from families without mental illness who were the same age, sex, and socioeconomic status as the person selected from NAMI. Each participant was asked whether or not they owned a cat as a child. The results showed that…
