6. The following data were collected from a 12-mm diameter test specimen of magnesium (lo = 30.00 mm). After fracture, the total length was 32.61 mm and the diameter was 11.74 mm. Load Al (N) (mm) 0.0000 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 26,500 0.0296 0.0592 0.0888 0.15 0.51 0.90 27,000 1.50 (maximum load) 26,500 2.10 25,000 2.79 (fracture) a) Plot the data as engineering stress versus engineering strain. b) Compute the modulus of elasticity. c) Determine the yield strength at a strain offset of 0.002. d) Determine the tensile strength of this alloy. e) What is the approximate ductility, in percent elongation? f) Compute the modulus of resilience. g) Compute from the data and plot true stress versus true strain diagram.
Design Against Fluctuating Loads
Machine elements are subjected to varieties of loads, some components are subjected to static loads, while some machine components are subjected to fluctuating loads, whose load magnitude tends to fluctuate. The components of a machine, when rotating at a high speed, are subjected to a high degree of load, which fluctuates from a high value to a low value. For the machine elements under the action of static loads, static failure theories are applied to know the safe and hazardous working conditions and regions. However, most of the machine elements are subjected to variable or fluctuating stresses, due to the nature of load that fluctuates from high magnitude to low magnitude. Also, the nature of the loads is repetitive. For instance, shafts, bearings, cams and followers, and so on.
Design Against Fluctuating Load
Stress is defined as force per unit area. When there is localization of huge stresses in mechanical components, due to irregularities present in components and sudden changes in cross-section is known as stress concentration. For example, groves, keyways, screw threads, oil holes, splines etc. are irregularities.
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