6. A pump supplies water under pressure to a large tank. The circular-plate valve on the discharge pipe (shown both in front view and side view) pivots about its diameter A-A and is held shut against the water pressure by a latch at point B. The exte- rior of the tank and valve are at atmospheric pressure. (a) Show that the force on the latch is given by FB = R³ /4 A (b) Explain why FB is independent of the supply pressure, ps, and the depth of the pivot, h. front view B supply pressure Ps. A° B si de view water supply

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System of Forces

A force is an external influence or agent that changes the state of a system. According to Newton's second law, the force applied to a body is proportional to the change in momentum of a body. Hence, whenever a force is applied to a body, its momentum changes. If the body is at rest, under the action of force, its state of rest changes to motion. In other words, the magnitude of the momentum of the body changes from zero to a measurable value. Similarly, if the body possesses some initial velocity, it has some associated momentum, the effect of force can cause the body to halt or come to rest, that is, the momentum reduces to zero.