5. To advertise or not to advertise Suppose that Fizzo and Pop Hop are the only two firms that sell orange soda. The following payoff matrix shows the profit (in millions of dollars) each company will earn depending on whether or not it advertises: Pop Hop Advertise Doesn't Advertise Advertise 8, 8 15, 2 Fizzo Doesn't Advertise 2, 15 11, 11 For example, the upper right cell shows that if Fizzo advertises and Pop Hop doesn't advertise, Fizzo will make a profit of $15 million, and Pop Hop will make a profit of $2 million. Assume this is a simultaneous game and that Fizzo and Pop Hop are both profit-maximizing firms. If Fizzo decides to advertise, it will earn a profit of $ million if Pop Hop advertises and a of million if Pop Hop does not advertise. If Fizzo decides not to advertise, it will earn a profit of $ million if Pop Hop advertises and a profit of $ million if Pop Hop does not advertise. If Pop Hop advertises, Fizzo makes a higher profit if it chooses If Pop Hop doesn't advertise, Fizzo makes a higher profit if it chooses

5. To advertise or not to advertise Suppose that Fizzo and Pop Hop are the only two firms that sell orange soda. The following payoff matrix shows the profit (in millions of dollars) each company will earn depending on whether or not it advertises: Pop Hop Advertise Doesn't Advertise Advertise 8, 8 15, 2 Fizzo Doesn't Advertise 2, 15 11, 11 For example, the upper right cell shows that if Fizzo advertises and Pop Hop doesn't advertise, Fizzo will make a profit of $15 million, and Pop Hop will make a profit of $2 million. Assume this is a simultaneous game and that Fizzo and Pop Hop are both profit-maximizing firms. If Fizzo decides to advertise, it will earn a profit of $ million if Pop Hop advertises and a of million if Pop Hop does not advertise. If Fizzo decides not to advertise, it will earn a profit of $ million if Pop Hop advertises and a profit of $ million if Pop Hop does not advertise. If Pop Hop advertises, Fizzo makes a higher profit if it chooses If Pop Hop doesn't advertise, Fizzo makes a higher profit if it chooses

ENGR.ECONOMIC ANALYSIS

14th Edition

ISBN:9780190931919

Author:NEWNAN

Publisher:NEWNAN

Chapter1: Making Economics Decisions

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1QTC

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7. Solving for dominant strategies and the Nash equilibrium Suppose Felix and Janet are playing a game in which both must simultaneously choose the action Left or Right. The payoff matrix that follows shows the payoff each person will earn as a function of both of their choices. For example, the lower-right cell shows that if Felix chooses Right and Janet chooses Right, Felix will receive a payoff of 7 and Janet will receive a payoff of 4. Felix Left Right Left 6,3 3,3 Janet Right 6,4 7,4 The only dominant strategy in this game is for to choose The outcome reflecting the unique Nash equilibrium in this game is as follows: Felix chooses and Janet chooses
8. Solving for dominant strategies and the Nash equilibrium Suppose Tim and Alyssa are playing a game in which both must simultaneously choose the action Left or Right. The payoff matrix that follows shows the payoff each person will earn as a function of both of their choices. For example, the lower-right cell shows that if Tim chooses Right and Alyssa chooses Right, Tim will receive a payoff of 3 and Alyssa will receive a payoff of 6. Tim Left Left 5, 6 Right 4, 2 Alyssa Right 5,5 3,6 The only dominant strategy in this game is for to choose The outcome reflecting the unique Nash equilibrium in this game is as follows: Tim chooses and Alyssa chooses
7. Solving for dominant strategies and the Nash equilibrium Suppose Carlos and Deborah are playing a game in which both must simultaneously choose the action Left or Right. The payoff matrix that follows shows the payoff each person will earn as a function of both of their choices. For example, the lower-right cell shows that if Carlos chooses Right and Deborah chooses Right, Carlos will receive a payoff of 5 and Deborah will receive a payoff of 1. Carlos Deborah Left Left 4,4 Right 2,4 Right 6,7 5,1 The only dominant strategy in this game is for to choose The outcome reflecting the unique Nash equilibrium in this game is as follows: Carlos chooses and Deborah chooses
Using a payoff matrix/table to determine the equilibrium outcome Suppose there are only two firms that sell smartphones, Flashfone and Pictech. The following payoff matrix/table shows the profit (in millions of dollars) each company will earn, depending on whether it sets a high or low price for its phones. Pictech Pricing High Low Flashfone Pricing High 10, 10 4, 12 Low 12, 4 9, 9 For example, the lower left cell shows that if Flashfone prices low and Pictech prices high, Flashfone will earn a profit of $12 million and Pictech will earn a profit of $4 million. Assume this is a simultaneous game and that Flashfone and Pictech are both profit-maximizing firms. If Flashfone prices high, Pictech will make more profit if it chooses a price, and if Flashfone prices low, Pictech will make more profit if it chooses a price. If Pictech prices high, Flashfone will make more profit if it chooses a price, and if Pictech prices low, Flashfone will make…
2. During your next trip to the supermarket (or you may need to make a special trip) find two examples of different goods for which the market is oligopolistic. Make certain that you have chosen a â€˜goodâ€™ and not a brand name. Remember that several brand names compete in a market. List all the brand names (or at least four brands if there are dozens) and the parent company for each brand name (check the package carefully so that you donâ€™t confuse brand names with the actual producer.) For each good, what is your evidence that this market is oligopolistic? (number of producers; shelf space give to each one; identical pricing.)
5. To advertise or not to advertise Suppose that Expresso and Beantown are the only two firms that sell coffee. The following payoff matrix shows the profit (in millions of dollars) each company will earn depending on whether or not it advertises: Beantown Advertise Doesn't Advertise Advertise 9, 9 15, 3 Expresso Doesn't Advertise 3, 15 11, 11 For example, the upper right cell shows that if Expresso advertises and Beantown doesn't advertise, Expresso will make a profit of $15 million, and Beantown will make a profit of $3 million. Assume this is a simultaneous game and that Expresso and Beantown are both profit-maximizing firms. If Expresso decides to advertise, it will earn a profit of $ million if Beantown advertises and a profit of $ million if Beantown does not advertise. If Expresso decides not to advertise, it will earn a profit of $ million if Beantown advertises and a profit of $ million if Beantown does not advertise. If Beantown advertises, Expresso makes a higher profit if…
6. Using a payoff matrix to determine the equilibrium outcome Suppose that Zipride and Citron are the only two firms in a hypothetical market that produce and sell electric scooters. The following payoff matrix gives profit scenarios for each company (in millions of dollars), depending on whether it chooses to set a high or low price for scooters. Zipride Pricing price. High Low For example, the lower-left cell shows that if Zipride prices low and Citron prices high, Zipride will earn a profit of $13 million, and Citron will earn a profit of $3 million. Assume this is a simultaneous game and that Zipride and Citron are both profit-maximizing firms. Citron Pricing High 9,9 13, 3 If Zipride prices high, Citron will make more profit if it chooses a Low If the firms do not lude, 3, 13 6, 6 If Citron prices high, Zipride will make more profit if it chooses a price. Considering all of the information given, pricing low True False Both Zipride and Citron will choose a low price. strategies…
1. The table below shows a prisoner's dilemma in normal form. Players 1 and 2 each choose between D and C. D C D 2,2 1,10 10, 1 5,5 Answer the following questions. Remember to explain your reasoning. (a) If the game is played only once, what is the equilibrium in dominant strategies? (b) If the game is played three times in a row, what action does each player choose in every round? Suppose that the game is repeated indefinitely. The players do not discount the future. How- ever, the game ends with probability p € (0, 1) after each round. Assume that each player uses the following grim-trigger strategy. Each player chooses C in the first round. Each player chooses C in the current round if both players chose C in every previous round. Each player chooses D in the current round if either player chose D in some previous round. (c) If p = 1, is it optimal for each player to use the grim-trigger strategy above given that the other player uses the grim-trigger strategy above? [Hint: compare…
Suppose that Creamland and Dairy King are the only two firms that sell ice cream. The following payoff matrix shows the profit (in millions of dollars) each company will earn depending on whether or not it advertises: Dairy King Advertise Doesn't Advertise Advertise 8, 8 15, 2 Creamland Doesn't Advertise 2, 15 11, 11 For example, the upper right cell shows that if Creamland advertises and Dairy King doesn't advertise, Creamland will make a profit of $15 million, and Dairy King will make a profit of $2 million. Assume this is a simultaneous game and that Creamland and Dairy King are both profit- maximizing firms. If Creamland decides to advertise, it will earn a profit of s million if Dairy King advertises and a profit of $ million if Dairy King does not advertise. If Creamland decides not to advertise, it will earn a profit of s million if Dairy King advertises and a profit of s million if Dairy King does not advertise. If Dairy King advertises, Creamland makes a higher profit if it…
5. The following problem was first considered by John von Neumann and is a fundamentalresult game theory.A and B play the following game:A writes down either number 1 or number 2, and B must guess which one.If the number that A has written down is i and B has guessed correctly, B receives i units from A.If B makes a wrong guess, B pays 4/5 of a unit to A.First we consider the expected gain of player B.Suppose B guesses 1 with probability p and 2 with probability 1 −p.Let X1 denote B’s gain (or loss) in a game where A has written down 1.Let X2 denote B’s gain (or loss) in a game where A has written down 2.(a) Find the pmf of X1 and X2(b) Find B’s expected gain for these two cases, E[X1] and E[X2].(c) What value of p maximizes the minimum possible value of B’s expected gain?Now consider the expected loss of player ASuppose that A writes down 1 with probability q and 2 with probability 1 −q.Let Y1 be A’s loss (or gain) if B chooses number 1.Let Y2 be A’s loss (or gain) if B…
Suppose that Expresso and Beantown are the only two firms that sell coffee. The following payoff matrix shows the profit (in millions of dollars) each company will earn depending on whether or not it advertises: Beantown Advertise Doesn't Advertise Expresso Advertise 8, 8 15, 2 Doesn't Advertise 2, 15 11, 11 For example, the upper right cell shows that if Expresso advertises and Beantown doesn't advertise, Expresso will make a profit of $15 million, and Beantown will make a profit of $2 million. Assume this is a simultaneous game and that Expresso and Beantown are both profit-maximizing firms. If Expresso decides to advertise, it will earn a profit of million if Beantown advertises and a profit of million if Beantown does not advertise. If Expresso decides not to advertise, it will earn a profit of million if Beantown advertises and a profit of million if Beantown does not advertise. If Beantown advertises, Expresso makes a higher profit if…
7. Solving for dominant strategies and the Nash equilibrium Suppose Antonio and Caroline are playing a game in which both must simultaneously choose the action Left or Right. The payoff matrix that follows shows the payoff each person will earn as a function of both of their choices. For example, the lower-right cell shows that if Antonio chooses Right and Caroline chooses Right, Antonio will receive a payoff of 9 and Caroline will receive a payoff of 8. Caroline Left Right Left 8, 5 8. 7 Antonio Right 3, 6 9, 8 The only dominant strategy in this game is for to choose The outcome reflecting the unique Nash equilibrium in this game is as follows: Antonio chooses and Caroline chooses