5. The sprinter finishes 100 m run; the stayer runs the tenth km. Point out the differences in the energy supply of these runners. To solve the problem: a) draw a diagram of glucose catabolism, which is an energy source for muscles in the stayer; b) indicate the energy yield of the glycolysis and the complete oxidation of glucose, the mechanisms of ATP synthesis; c) write down the substrates involved in the dehydrogenation reaction, specify the path of hydrogen from one of the substrates to oxygen in the ETC; d) indicate the differences in the final products and the energy yield of the metabolic pathways providing ATP in the sprinter and stayer.

5. The sprinter finishes 100 m run; the stayer runs the tenth km. Point out the differences in the energy supply of these runners. To solve the problem: a) draw a diagram of glucose catabolism, which is an energy source for muscles in the stayer; b) indicate the energy yield of the glycolysis and the complete oxidation of glucose, the mechanisms of ATP synthesis; c) write down the substrates involved in the dehydrogenation reaction, specify the path of hydrogen from one of the substrates to oxygen in the ETC; d) indicate the differences in the final products and the energy yield of the metabolic pathways providing ATP in the sprinter and stayer.

Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap Course List)

9th Edition

ISBN:9781285866932

Author:Lauralee Sherwood

Publisher:Lauralee Sherwood

Chapter2: Cell Physiology

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 3SQE

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Similar questions

Muscles may become hypoxic during the early stages of exercise, causing lactate to build up. a) Describe in detail how a lack of oxygen might cause lactate to build up in the muscles. b) Explain how lactate (typically thought of as a waste product) may be converted to glucose via gluconeogenesis.
State whether each statement is true or false. If the statement is false, correct it so it can be true. (a) Oxidative phosphorylation generates heat by converting ADP to ATP. (b) The effects of a poison on actively respiring mitochondria are being studied to determine its mode of action. When the poison is added, all proteins and Q in the electron transport chain are in the reduced form, and ATP production stops. (Assume electron transport is continuously occurring.) This means that the poison could be inhibiting complex I.
Consider the energy budget of glycolysis as a whole a) How many ATP's are made total? b) How many ATP's are invested (ATP --> ADP + Phosphate) c) How many ATP's does glycolysis of one glucose molecule net for the cell?
A. Using a simplified series of diagrams describe how a cell can extract 38 molecules of ATP(net)from one molecule of glucoses. B.What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration? How is fermentation different from both of them? Discuss two common fermentations that we use to make everyday useful products.
Describe the main steps of each phase of the aerobic cellular respiration (glycolysis, pyruvate processing, the citric acid cycle, the electron transport chain, and chemiosmosis) and as well as anaerobic cellular respiration(fermentation). (bullet each step in chronological order) (draw diagrams for each phase and note the inputs and outputs)
Discuss the composition of the transition state for the formation of ATP by ATP Synthase. a) Where is the active site for this enzyme located? b) How are the amino acid side chains from the α and β subunits of ATP Synthase involved? c) Discuss the importance of Mg+2 in the mechanism of this enzyme.
1. a) Calculate the approximate net yield of ATP during the aerobic conversion of 2 glycerol to 1 glucose. Show work
A)Carrier of the activated amino acids to the ribosomes for incorporation into the growing peptide chain. B)Molecule that attaches to myosin and actin during muscle contraction. C)The reduced cofactor important in the TCA cycle and used in the last part of respiration. Please identify the terms.
HUW Define metabolism, anabolism, and catabolism. List the ways cells control the flow of molecules through metabolic pathways. Explain the roles of the following molecules in biological energy transfer and storage: ADP, ATP, NADH, FADH2, NADPH. Outline the pathways for aerobic and anaerobic metabolism of glucose and compare the energy yields of the two pathways. Write two equations for aerobic metabolism of one glucose molecule: one using only words and a second using the chemical formula for glucose. Explain how the electron transport system creates the high-energy bond of ATP. Provide a general description of how proteins are made.
In some tissues, glucose 6-phosphate is oxidized to pentose phosphates by the pentose phosphate pathway. a) Which tissues prefer this pathway and why? Explain in detail. b) Due to the fact that glucose 6-phosphate is also an intermediate for the glycolysis pathway, the regulation of glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathway is very important. NADPH plays a crucial role in partitioning of glucose 6-phosphate between glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway. Explain this role of NADPH in detail.
Give only typing answer with explanation and conclusion
10) a) Explain why the electron transport chain (ETC) is important for the energy producing in the cellular metabolism. b) Describe and explain the route followed by electrons from glucose to 02 and ATP synthesis. (think the energenics and chemiosmotic theory) Cytnsol mtochondrial montane intarmentne Iligh ner mtochordrial membane Matrt Law (1 ADPP ATP