Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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5.

Transcribed Image Text:5.) Supply the missing compounds:
**a) Reaction Sequence:**
- Starting compound: Acetophenone (a benzene ring with a ketone group, CH₃C=O, attached).
- First step: The reagent Zn(Hg) with HCl is used to reduce the carbonyl group to an alkane. This is known as Clemmensen reduction.
- Compound A: Ethylbenzene (a benzene ring with an ethyl group, CH₂CH₃, attached).
- Second step: KMnO₄ oxidizes the alkyl side chain completely to a carboxylic acid group.
- Compound B: Benzoic acid (a benzene ring with a carboxylic acid group, COOH, attached).
**b) Reaction Sequence:**
- Starting compound: Phenylacetaldehyde (a benzene ring with an aldehyde group, CHO, attached).
- First step: The Grignard reagent (H₃C)₂CHMgBr attacks the aldehyde, forming a secondary alcohol.
- Compound A: 1-Phenyl-2-methylpropan-2-ol (a benzene ring with a secondary alcohol, and a 2-methylpropyl group attached).
- Second step: K₂Cr₂O₇ oxidizes the secondary alcohol to a ketone.
- Compound B: 2-Methylpropiophenone (a benzene ring with a ketone, specifically an acetone group with a methyl branch, attached).
These reactions illustrate typical transformations of organic functional groups using common reagents and catalysts.
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