5. One of the key steps in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle is the hydration of fumarate to malate: Fumarate-² + H₂O = Malate-² The standard reaction Gibbs free energy and enthalpy for this reactions are -880 cal/mol and 3560 cal/mol, respectively. (a) What is the equilibrium constant for this reaction (25 °C)? (b) Is the reaction favorable (spontaneous) at 25 °C? (c) What is the equilibrium constant of this reaction under physiological conditions (37 °C)? (d) Is this reaction favorable at 37 °C?

5. One of the key steps in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle is the hydration of fumarate to malate: Fumarate-² + H₂O = Malate-² The standard reaction Gibbs free energy and enthalpy for this reactions are -880 cal/mol and 3560 cal/mol, respectively. (a) What is the equilibrium constant for this reaction (25 °C)? (b) Is the reaction favorable (spontaneous) at 25 °C? (c) What is the equilibrium constant of this reaction under physiological conditions (37 °C)? (d) Is this reaction favorable at 37 °C?

Chemistry

10th Edition

ISBN:9781305957404

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Chapter1: Chemical Foundations

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...

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Write the equilibrium expression for the reaction: 2 HC1 (aq) + Ca(OH)2 (aq) = CaCl2 (aq) + 2H2O (1) ΔΗ- 174. 15 kJ -
A critical reaction in the production of energy to do work or drive chemical reactions in biological systems is the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate, ATP, to adenosine diphosphate, ADP, as described by the reaction ATP(aq) + H₂O(1) ADP(aq) + HPO (aq) for which AG=-30.5 kJ/mol at 37.0 °C and pH 7.0. Calculate the value of AGs in a biological cell in which [ATP] = 5.0 mM, (ADP) = 0.30 mM, and [HPO-1=5.0 mM. AG= Is the hydrolysis of ATP spontaneous under these conditions? yes no kJ/mol
Calculate ArH for the following reaction: CaO(s)+CO2(g)→CaCO3(s) Use the following reactions and given >ArH"s Ca(s)+CO2(g)+1/202(g) →CaCO3(s), ArH= -812.8 kJmol-1 2Ca(s)+02(g) →2CaO(s), ArH= -1269.8 kJmol-1 ArH=-177.9 kJ mol-1 ArH= 177.9 kJmol-1 ArH=327.9 kJmol-1 ArH=-327.9 kJmol-1
Determine the standard Gibbs free energy of reaction, in kJ/mole, for the reaction of aqueous sodium carbonate with hydrochloric acid. G values for the reactants and products are given below. NaCO(aq) + 2 HCl(aq) 2 NaCl(aq) + HO() + CO(g) NaCO(aq) -1051.6HCl(aq) -131.2NaCl(aq) -393.1HO() -237.1CO(g) -394.4
At 475 oC, Keq = 0.230 for the reaction: 1/3 NO2(g) + 1/3 N2O(g) (equilibrium arrows) NO(g) (a) What is the value of Keq for the reaction NO(g) 1/3 NO2(g) + 1/3 N2O(g)?Keq = .(b) What is the value of Keq for the reaction NO2(g) + N2O(g) 3 NO(g)?Keq = .(c) What is the value of Keq for the reaction 3 NO(g) NO2(g) + N2O(g)?Keq = .
(a) The heat evolved upon dissolution of atmospheric ozone into water is determined to be +5 kcal/mol at 298 K. Given that ozone has a Henry’s constant of 9.4 × 10−3 mol/L/atm at 298 K, determine its Henry’s constant at 273 K. Note that the definition of Henry’s constant is for the process air to water. (b) If the atmospheric ozone concentration in a polluted air is 100 ppbv, what is the concentration in equilibrium with a body of water in that region at 298 K? Note that you need to assume no losses of ozone other than absorption into water
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Given the following equilibrium constants at 415°C, Naz 0(s) 2 Na(1)+02(9) K1 = 9 x 10-25 Na0(g) Na(1) + 02 (9) K2 = 2 x 10-5 NazO2(s) 2 Na(1) + O2 (g) NaO2 (s) = Na(1)+02(g) K3 = 5 x 10-29 KA = 8 x 10 14 determine the values for the equilibrium constants for the following reactions: a. Naz 0(s) +02 (g) Naz O2 (s) Equilibrium constant b. NaO(g) + Naz 0(s) Naz O2 (s) + Na(l) Equilibrium constant = c. 2 Na0(g) - Naz O2 (s) Equilibrium constant = (Hint: When reaction equations are added, the equilibrium expressions are multiplied.)
Use the reactions and AG° values below to determine AG° for: 3 CH4(g) + 4 O2(g) → C302(g) + 6 H20(g) For CH4(g) + 2 O2(g) → CO2(g) + 2 H20(g) For 3 CO2(g) → C302(g) + 2 O2(g) AG° = -800.8 kJ/mol AG° = +1073.4 kJ/mol %3D 272.6 kJ/mol 817.8 kJ/mol None of the answers are correct -345.8 kJ/mol -1329.0 kJ/mol
5. The oxidation of ferrous iron (Fe2+) to ferric ion (Fe³+) by molecular oxygen can be described by the following reaction: 4Fe²+ (aq) + O₂(aq) + 4H*(aq) = 4Fe³+ (aq) + 2H₂O(l) (1) Using free energies of formation, calculate the equilibrium constant for this reaction at 25 deg C. (2) For a water in equilibrium with the atmosphere, a pH of 2.0, and a total soluble iron concentration of 1 mg/L, calculate the concentrations of Fe2+(aq) and Fe³+(aq).