5. Moving from short-run to long-run equilibrium Suppose the competitive market for cat toys is in short-run equilibrium. The following graph on the left shows the demand and short-run supply for cat toys. Assume every firm in this industry is identical. The graph on the right shows the marginal cost (MC) and average cost (AC) curves for each firm in the long run. PRICE (Dollars per cat toy) 10 9 8 1 0 Short-Run Market Supply Demand H 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 QUANTITY (Thousands of cat toys per year) (?) COST (Dollars per cat toy) 10 9 8 1 0 0 MC Individual Firm AC 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 OUTPUT (Hundreds of cat toys per year) 10 ? image 1

5. Moving from short-run to long-run equilibrium Suppose the competitive market for cat toys is in short-run equilibrium. The following graph on the left shows the demand and short-run supply for cat toys. Assume every firm in this industry is identical. The graph on the right shows the marginal cost (MC) and average cost (AC) curves for each firm in the long run. PRICE (Dollars per cat toy) 10 9 8 1 0 Short-Run Market Supply Demand H 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 QUANTITY (Thousands of cat toys per year) (?) COST (Dollars per cat toy) 10 9 8 1 0 0 MC Individual Firm AC 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 OUTPUT (Hundreds of cat toys per year) 10 ? image 1

ENGR.ECONOMIC ANALYSIS

14th Edition

ISBN:9780190931919

Author:NEWNAN

Publisher:NEWNAN

Chapter1: Making Economics Decisions

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1QTC

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Use the orange points (square symbol) to plot the initial short-run industry supply curve when there are 10 firms in the market. (Hint: You can disregard the portion of the supply curve that corresponds to prices where there is no output since this is the industry supply curve.) Next, use the purple points (diamond symbol) to plot the short-run industry supply curve when there are 20 firms. Finally, use the green points (triangle symbol) to plot the short-run industry supply curve when there are 30 firms. PRICE (Dollars per pound) 80 72 64 56 48 40 32 24 16 8 0 0 120 240 360 480 600 720 840 960 1080 1200 QUANTITY (Thousands of pounds) Because you know that competitive firms earn $ Demand Supply (10 firms) True Supply (20 firms) If there were 20 firms in this market, the short-run equilibrium price of rhenium would be $ would Therefore, in the long run, firms would O False Supply (30 firms) per pound. From the graph, you can see that this means there will be ? per pound. At that price,…
4. Profit maximization in the cost-curve diagram The following graph plots daily cost curves for a firm operating in the competitive market for motor scooters. Hint: Once you have positioned the rectangle on the graph, select a point to observe its coordinates. PRICE (Dollars per scooter) 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 40 30 ATC 20 MC AVC 10 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 QUANTITY (Thousands of scooters per day) Profit or Loss ? In the short run, given a market price equal to $45 per scooter, the firm should produce a daily quantity of 45,000 scooters. On the preceding graph, use the blue rectangle (circle symbols) to fill in the area that represents profit or loss of the firm given the market price of $45 and the quantity of production from your previous answer. Note: In the following question, enter a positive number regardless of whether the firm earns a profit or incurs a loss. The rectangular area represents a short-run of $ thousand per day for the firm.
9. Problems and Applications Q9 The market for apple pies in the city of Ectenia is competitive and has the following demand schedule: Each producer in the market has a fixed cost of $6 and the following marginal cost: Quantity Marginal Cost (Dollars) 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 Complete the following table by computing the total cost and average total cost for each quantity produced. Quantity Total Cost Average Total Cost (Ples) (Dollars) (Dollars) 1 2 3 4 3 8 10 12 14 The price of a pie is now $11. At a price of $11, making a profit of O True O Fal pies are sold in the market. Each producer makes True or False: The market is in long-run equilibrium. Suppose that in the long run there is free entry and exit. In the long run, each producer earns a profit of each producer makes pies, so there are The market price is producers operating. pies, so there are At this price, producers in this market, each pies are sold in this market, and
10 The industry in the figure given below on the left consists of many firms with identical cost structures, and the industry experiences constant returns to scale. a. Draw the short-run market supply curve up to 4,000 units of output. Instructions: Use the tool provided (SRMSC) to draw the short-run market supply curve. Plot three points total. b. Draw the long-run market supply curve from zero to 4,000 units of output. Instructions: Use the tool provided (LRMSC) tool to draw the long-run market supply curve. Plot only the endpoints across the entire output range (0 to 4,000). Price ($) 50 40 40 Typical Firm Market Price ($) 50 MC ATC 40 30 AVC 20 20 10 0 10 20 20 30 Quantity 40 40 50 50 30 20 20 10 0 D Tools / LRMSC SRMSC 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 Quantity
6. Deriving the short-run supply curve Consider the competitive market for dress shirts. The following graph shows the marginal cost (MC), average total cost (ATC), and average variable cost (AVC) curves for a typical firm in the industry. COSTS (Dollars) PRICE (Dollars per shirt) 100 90 80 70 60 50 100 40 90 10 80 0 70 Price (Dollars per shirt) 60 50 20 10 0 0 For each price in the following table, use the graph to determine the number of shirts this firm would produce in order to maximize its profit. Assume that when the price is exactly equal to the average variable cost, the firm is indifferent between producing zero shirts and the profit- maximizing quantity. Also, indicate whether the firm will produce, shut down, or be indifferent between the two in the short run. Lastly, determine whether it will make a profit, suffer a loss, or break even at each price. 15 20 25 55 70 85 10 0 0 0 MC D ATC On the following graph, use the orange points (square symbol) to plot points along the…
8. Short-run and long run effects of a shift in demand Suppose that the tuna industry is in long-run equilibrium at a price of $5 per can of tuna and a quantity of 350 million cans per year. Suppose that WebMD daims that a protein found in tuna will increase your expected lifespan by 2 years. WebMD's claim will cause consumers to demand more PRICE (Dollars per cani producing more tuna and earning positive profit Shift the demand curve, the supply curve, or both on the following graph to illustrate these short-run effects of WebMD's claim. ? 0 tuna at every price. In the short run, firms will respond by Supply Demand 70 140 210 200 350 420 400 560 630 700 QUANTITY (Millions of cans) Demand -0 Supply
PRICE (Cents per bushel) COST (Cents per bushel) 100 90 80 70 60 50 ATC 40 30 20 10 AVC MC 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 OUTPUT (Thousands of bushels) The following graph shows the market demand for wheat. 1. Use the orange points (square symbol) to plot the short-run industry supply curve for the wheat industry. Specifically, place an orange point at the lowest point of the supply curve and another orange point at the highest point of the supply curve. (Hint: You can disregard the portion of the supply curve that corresponds to prices where there is no output, since this is the industry supply curve. Plot your points in the order in which you would like them connected. Line segments will connect the points automatically.) 2. Place the black point (plus symbol) on the graph to indicate the short-run equilibrium price and quantity in this market. (Note: Dashed drop lines will automatically extend to both axes.) 100 90 80 60 30 20 2 2 2 2 8 8 2 2 2 2 ° 0 Demand 350 700 1050 1400 1750…
Consider the perfectly competitive market for copper. Assume that, regardless of how many firms are in the Industry, every firm in the industry is Identical and faces the marginal cost (MC), average total cost (ATC), and average variable cost (AVC) curves shown on the following graph. COSTS (Dollars per pound) PRICE (Dollars per por 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 100 10 50 0 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 The following diagram shows the market demand for copper. 0 Use the orange points (square symbol) to plot the initial short-run industry supply curve when there are 20 firms in the market. (Hint: You can disregard the portion of the supply curve that corresponds to prices where there is no output since this is the Industry supply curve.) Next, use the purple points (diamond symbol) to plat the short-run industry supply curve when there are 30 firms. Finally, use the green points (triangle symbol) to plot the short-run Industry supply curve when there are 40 firms. MC D 0 5 10 ATC H AVC D 0 15…
3. Profit maximization using total cost and total revenue curves Suppose Iyana operates a handicraft pop-up retail shop that sells cardigans. Assume a perfectly competitive market structure for cardigans with a market price equal to $25 per cardigan. The following graph shows Iyana's total cost curve. Use the blue points (circle symbol) to plot total revenue and the green points (triangle symbol) to plot profit for cardigans for quantities zero through seven (including zero and seven) that Iyana produces. TOTAL COST AND REVENUE (Dollars) 200 175 150 125 100 75 50 25 0 -25 D 4 5 QUANTITY (Cardigans) Total Cost 6 Total Revenue A Profit
3. Profit maximization using total cost and total revenue curves Suppose Rian operates a handicraft pop-up retail shop that sells cardigans. Assume a perfectly competitive market structure for cardigans with a market price equal to $25 per cardigan. The following graph shows Rian's total cost curve. Use the blue points (circle symbol) to plot total revenue and the green points (triangle symbol) to plot profit for cardigans for quantities zero through seven (including zero and seven) that Rian produces. 200 175 150 125 100 75 50 25 0 -25 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0 D 0 1 Calculate Rian's marginal revenue and marginal cost for the first seven cardigans they produce, and plot them on the following graph. Use the blue points (circle symbol) to plot marginal revenue and the orange points (square symbol) to plot marginal cost at each quantity. (?) 2 1 3 4 5 QUANTITY (Cardigans) 2 3 QUANTITY (Cardigans) 4 6 Total Cost D 6 7 8 7 O 8 Total Revenue Profit O (?) Marginal Revenue -0 Marginal Cost…
7. Short-run supply and long-run equilibrium Consider the perfectly competitive market for steel. Assume that, regardless of how many firms are in the industry, every firm in the industry is identical and faces the marginal cost (MC), average total cost (ATC), and average variable cost (AVC) curves shown on the following graph. COSTS (Dollars per ton) 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 ATC 30 20 10 + MC AVC 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 QUANTITY OF OUTPUT (Thousands of tons) The following diagram shows the market demand for steel. ⑦? Use the orange points (square symbol) to plot the short-run industry supply curve when there are 20 firms in the market. (Hint: You can disregard the portion of the supply curve that corresponds to prices where there is no output since this is the industry supply curve.) Next, use the purple points (diamond symbol) to plot the short-run industry supply curve when there are 30 firms. Finally, use the green points (triangle symbol) to plot the short-run industry…
PRICE (Dollars per pound) 8. Short-run supply and long-run equilibrium Consider the competitive market for rhodium. Assume that no matter how many firms operate in the Industry, every firm is identical and faces the same marginal cost (MC), average total cost (ATC), and average variable cost (AVC) curves plotted in the following graph. COSTS (Dollars per pound) 30,90 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 ATC 30 20 AVC 10 MC 0 0 + 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 QUANTITY (Thousands of pounds) The following graph plots the market demand curve for rhodium. Use the orange points (square symbol) to plot the initial short-run industry supply curve when there are 10 firms in the market. (Hint: You can disregard the portion of the supply curve that corresponds to prices where there is no output since this is the industry supply curve.) Next, use the purple points (diamond symbol) to plot the short-run industry supply curve when there are 20 firms. Finally, use the green points (triangle symbol) to plot the…