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- A space probe of mass 3.9 x 103 kg is orbiting a star of mass 3.6 x 1030 kg in a circular orbit at a distance of 1.7 x 1011 m from its center. Calculate the minimum energy, in units of 109 J, required to transfer the probe to a circular orbit 5.5 x 1011 m from the star. Use G = 6.7 x 10-11 N m2/ kg2. (Please answer to the fourth decimal place - i.e 14.3225)Consider a thin disc of radius R and consisting of a material with constant mass density (per unit of area) g. Use cylindrical coordinates, with the z-axis perpendicular to the plane of the disc, and the origin at the disc's centre. We are going to calculate the gravitational potential, and the gravitational field, in points on the z-axis only. 1. Show that the gravitational potential 4(2) set up by that disc is given by p(2) = 2mGg | dr'; make sure to explain where the factor 27 comes from, and where the factor r' in the integrand comes from. 2. Evaluate this integral. 3. Approximate p(z), both for 0 R (i.e., for points very far away). You will need the following Taylor approximation: VI+x=1++O(x²), applied in different ways.Black holes are difficult to observewith telescopes because they, bydefinition, don’t emit or reflect any light. They can be found by look-ing for other nearby objects orbit-ing them, however. Here is a dia-gram of a star in a circular orbit around a black hole. a. The period of the star’s orbit is 90 days, and its orbital radius around the black hole isobserved to be 3.6 : ×10^11 m. Find the orbital velocity of the star in units of m/s. (You need to convert 90 days to seconds, first). The circumference of a circle is 2πr. b. The mass of the star is known to be 4 × 10^30 kg. Find the centripetal acceleration of thestar and the strength of the gravitational force on the star. c. Find the mass of the black hole.
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