5. Comparative Advantage The following table describes the production possibilities of two cities in the country of Baseballia: Pairs of Red Socks per Worker per Hour Pairs of White Socks per Worker per Hour Boston 3 3 Chicago 2 1 Without trade, the price of a pair of white socks (in terms of red socks) in Boston is of red socks, and in Chicago it is of red socks. has an absolute advantage in the production of red socks, and has an absolute advantage in the production of vwhite socks. has a comparative advantage in the production of red socks, and has a comparative advantage in the production of white socks.

5. Comparative Advantage The following table describes the production possibilities of two cities in the country of Baseballia: Pairs of Red Socks per Worker per Hour Pairs of White Socks per Worker per Hour Boston 3 3 Chicago 2 1 Without trade, the price of a pair of white socks (in terms of red socks) in Boston is of red socks, and in Chicago it is of red socks. has an absolute advantage in the production of red socks, and has an absolute advantage in the production of vwhite socks. has a comparative advantage in the production of red socks, and has a comparative advantage in the production of white socks.

ENGR.ECONOMIC ANALYSIS

14th Edition

ISBN:9780190931919

Author:NEWNAN

Publisher:NEWNAN

Chapter1: Making Economics Decisions

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1QTC

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5. Comparative Advantage The following table describes the production possibilities of two cities in the country of Baseballia: Pairs of Red Socks per Worker per Hour Pairs of White Socks per Worker per Hour Boston Chicago 4 3. Without trade, the price of a pair of white socks (in terms of red socks) in Boston is of red socks, and in Chicago it is of red socks. has an absolute advantage in the production of red socks, and has an absolute advantage in the production of white socks. has a comparative advantage in the production of red socks, and has a comparative advantage in the production of white socks. If the cities trade with each other, Boston will export socks, and Chicago will export socks. The price of white socks can be expressed in terms of red socks. The highest price at which white socks can be traded that would make both cities better off is of red socks per pair of white socks, and the lowest price that makes both cities better off is of red socks per pair of white socks.…
12. Given this set of production possibilities and consumption (trade) possibilities frontiers, what happens to the prices of wine and cloth in each country as a result of trade? a) The price of wine in Portugal increases from 1/3 yard/bottle to 1/2 yard/bottle. b) The price of cloth in Portugal decreases from 3 bottles/yard to 2 bottles/yard. c) The price of wine in England decreases from 1 yard/bottle to 1/2 yard/bottle. d) The price of cloth in England increases from 1 bottle/yard to 2 bottles/yard. e) All of the above
5. The price of trade Suppose that Italy and Switzerland both produce jeans and stained glass. Italy's opportunity cost of producing a pane of stained glass is 3 pairs of jeans while Switzeriand's opportunity cost of producing a pane of stained glass is 9 pairs of jeans. By comparing the opportunity cost of producing stained glass in the two countries, you can tell that has a comparative advantage in the production of stained glass and has a comparative advantage in the production of jeans. Suppose that Italy and Switzerland consider trading stained glass and jeans with each other. Italy can gain from specialization and trade as long as it receives more than of jeans for each pane of stained glass it exports to Switzerland. Similarly, Switzerland can gain from trade as long of stained glass for each pair of jeans it exports to Italy. as it recelves more than Based on your answer to the last question, which of the tollowing prices of trade (that is, price of stained glass in terms of…
Suppose that Spain and Greece both produce wine and olive oil. The following table shows combinations of the goods that each country can produce in a week (in thousands of liters). Spain Greece Wine Olive Oil Wine Olive Oil 0 16 0 30 1 12 1 24 2 8 2 18 3 4 3 12 4 0 4 6 -- -- 5 0 a. Who has a comparative advantage in producing wine? Who has a comparative advantage in producing olive oil? Explain b. Suppose that Spain is currently producing 1000 liters of wine and 12000 liters of olive oil per week and Greece is currently producing 3000 liters of wine and 12000 liters of olive oil per week. Demonstrate that Spain and Greece can both be better off if they specialise in producing only one good and then engage in trade.
2. The table below summarizes the number of hours it takes to manufacture cars and dinghy in Germany and PNG. No. of hours to make one car No. of hours to build a dinghy Germany Papua New Guinea 30 20 60 30 a. Which country has an absolute advantage at making cars? Which country has an absolute advantage at making dinghy? b. Estimate the opportunity cost of making car and dinghy in each set of countries. Which country has a comparative advantage for manufacturing cars? Which set of country has a comparative advantage for manufacturing low quality cars? с.
2. Comparative and absolute advantage Loc and Ashima are farmers. Each one owns a 14-acre plot of land. The following table shows the amount of zucchini and watermelon each farme produce per year on a given acre. Each farmer chooses whether to devote all acres to producing zucchini or watermelon or to produce zucchini or some of the land and watermelon on the rest. Loc Ashima Zucchini (Pounds per acre) 10 18 Watermelon (Pounds per acre) 5 6 On the following graph, use the blue line (circle symbol) to plot Loc's production possibilities frontier (PPF), and use the purple line (diamond sym to plot Ashima's PPF. (?)
1. Explain the difference between absolute advantage and comparative advantage. Which is more important in determining trade patterns, absolute advantage or comparative advantage? Why? Consider the following pairs of Which would you expect to have the more elastic demand? Why? water or diamonds insulin or nasal decongestant spray food in general or breakfast cereal gasoline over the course of a week or gasoline over the course of a year personal computers or IBM personal computers
5. The price of trade Suppose that Ireland and Liechtenstein both produce beets and wheat. Ireland's opportunity cost of producing a bushel of wheat is 5 bushels of beets while Liechtenstein's opportunity cost of producing a bushel of wheat is 11 bushels of beets. By comparing the opportunity cost of producing wheat in the two countries, you can tell that Ireland production of wheat and Liechtenstein has a comparative advantage in the production of beets. Suppose that Ireland and Liechtenstein consider trading wheat and beets with each other. Ireland can gain from specialization and trade as long as it receives more than of beets for each bushel of wheat it exports to Liechtenstein. Similarly, Liechtenstein can gain from trade as of wheat for each bushel of beets it exports to Ireland. long as it receives more than Based on your answer to the last question, which of the following prices of trade (that is, price of wheat in terms of beets) would allow both Liechtenstein and Ireland to…
3. Gains from trade Suppose there exist two imaginary countries, Everglades and Denali. Their labor forces are each capable of supplying four million hours per week that can be used to produce shorts, almonds, or some combination of the two. The following table shows the amount of shorts or almonds that can be produced by one hour of labor. Country Shorts Almonds (Pairs per hour of labor) (Pounds per hour of labor) Everglades 5 20 Denali 8 16 Suppose that initially Denali uses 1 million hours of labor per week to produce shorts and 3 million hours per week to produce almonds, while Everglades uses 3 million hours of labor per week to produce shorts and 1 million hours per week to produce almonds. As a result, Everglades produces 15 million pairs of shorts and 20 million pounds of almonds, and Denali produces 8 million pairs of shorts and 48 million pounds of almonds. Assume there are no other countries willing to engage in trade, so, in the absence of…
2. Suppose that two countries can produce wheat or cotton. If country A produces only wheat it can produce 55 units of wheat, and if it produces only cotton it can produce 35 units of cotton. If country B produces only wheat it can produce 65 units of wheat, and if it produces only cotton it can produce 45 units of cotton. Given the production possibilities curves above, which of the following would be feasible terms of trade between country A and country B? a. one unit of wheat for 0.75 unit of cotton. b. one unit of cotton for 1.5 units of wheat. c. one unit of wheat for 0.55 unit of cotton. d. one unit of cotton for 1.67 units of wheat. e. all of the above are feasible terms of trade. f. none of the above are feasible terms of trade.
4. Specialization and trade When a country specializes in the production of a good, this means that it can produce this good at a lower opportunity cost than its trading partner. Because of this comparative advantage, both countries benefit when they specialize and trade with each other. The following graphs show the production possibilities frontiers (PPFS) for Maldonia and Lamponia. Both countries produce lemons and sugar, each initially (that is, before specialization and trade) producing 18 million pounds of lemons and 9 million pounds of sugar, as indicated by grey points (star symbols) labeled point A. SUGAR (Millions of pounds) 48 42 38 30 24 18 PPF 12 8 0 0 8 1 Maldonia 12 18 24 30 36 LEMONS (Millions of pounds) 42 48 ? Maldonia has a comparative advantage in the production of production of advantage), the most the two countries can produce is SUGAR (Millions of pounds) 48 42 36 30 24 18 12 6 0 0 PPF 6 Lamponia A 12 18 24 30 36 42 48 LEMONS (Millions of pounds) ? , while…
1. There are two firms, firms A and B. Suppose that the two firms both produce Jam and butter and sell them for the same price. Shown below are the combinations of the two goods each firm can produce using the same amounts of labor and capital. Using the information below, which answer provides the most accurate depiction of comparative advantage and absolute advantage? Firm A Exhibit 1 Firm B Jam Butter Jam Butter 0 120 0 100 20 90 20 80 40 60 40 60 60 30 60 40 80 0 80 20 100 0 Firm B has a comparative advantage in butter, and absolute advantage in jam. Firm B has a comparative advantage in butter, and absolute advantage in jam. Firm B has a comparative advantage in butter, and absolute advantage in jam. Firm A has a comparative advantage in jam, and an absolute advantage in jam.