5) Water flows in a trapezoidal channel in which the bottom width is 5 meters and the side slopes are 1.5:1 (H:V). The channel linin has an estimated Manning n of 0.04 and the longitudinal slope of the channel is 1%. If the flow rate is 60 m/s and the depth of flow at a gaging station is 4 meters, classify the water surface profile, state whether the depth increases or decreases in the downstream direction. Answer:

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Quantity takeoff

Quantity takeoffs (QTO) are precise estimates of the materials and labor costs required to finish a construction project. During the pre-construction phase, an estimator prepares them, breaking down the project into smaller, more manageable parts that are easier to evaluate. These measurements are used to prepare a construction scope bid. Estimators examine the drawings, specifications, and models to figure out different quantities and their costs. Since, the components, their quantity, and price are all included in the model, quantity take-off can be done automatically using Building Information Modelling (BIM). The time taken for completing a construction project can be reduced by the use of quantity takeoff. These takeoffs are also called material takeoffs and construction takeoffs.