41 Host defenses Members of our normal commensal/mutualistic microbiome defend us from pathogens by all of the following EXCEPT (which is false?): competition for nutrients block attachment sites to human host cells O produce inhibitory metabolic waste products such as lactic acids decreasing oxygen consumption

Q: 48- Vaccines can be used to prevent viral infection by: (1creating an immune response in the host…

A: Vaccines can be used to prevent viral infection by creating an immune response in the host i.e.,…

Q: 3. How does a B-cell respond to activation/sensitization in the absence of T-cell involvement? What…

A: White blood cells known as B cells generate antibodies, that are proteins that can recognise and…

Q: The material which is the result of the battle between macrophages and invading microbes is called…

A: The material which is the result of the battle between macrophages and invaling microbes id called .…

Q: Is the human microbiome the key to our health? Explain briefly.

A: The microbiome is the collection of all the microbes that live on and in the human body. The…

Q: 4. Which cells are capable of antigen presentation? Describe the process.

A: Antigen presentation is the process by which specialized cells display antigens to T cells, which…

Q: Which of the following involves pseudopods?

A: Answer: PSEUDOPODS = These are also called pseudopodium , which are motile , temporary arm like…

Q: Viral meningitis is usually always fatal if untreated, unlikebacterial meningitis, which is always…

A: Bacteria are microscopic organisms which belong to prokaryote because these are unicellular…

Q: Which of the following helps the body block microbial entry? Skin Urine Gastric juice Normal…

A: Introduction Microbes are microscopic living organisms that can be found all over the world but are…

Q: Why should we care about them – are infections on the rise due to something that has changed, is the…

A: Herpes Simplex virus leads to genital and oral herpes. Patients can have sores filled with fluid in…

Q: How do Salmonella cells induce ruffling?

A: Some dramatic actin rearrangements occur on the membrane surface which are induced by the Salmonella…

Q: How do bacteria evade the Immune System?  There are at least 3 common methods baceria accomplish…

A: Bacteria are a kind of biological cell.They are a kind of prokaryotic microorganisms.They are few…

Q: Clostridium difficile is a part of the normal intentinal microbiota. When multiple antibiotics are…

A: Clostridium difficile is a gram positive bacterium that infects the bowel of a person and causes…

Q: Question 1 All are true about the microbiome except? O secrete exotoxins O out-compete pathogens for…

A: The microbiome is made up of bacteria that can be both beneficial and detrimental. The majority are…

Q: 11) What is the relative speed (slower, faster, the same) of a second response compared to the first…

A: On the epidermis, in body tissues, and in bodily fluids such as blood, the immune system fights…

Q: Bacterial capsules work by _____. View Available Hint(s) for Part E       protecting the bacterium…

A: So correct option will be protecting the bacterium from engulfment Capsules made of substances…

Q: u elaborate in some extend about Kaposi sarcoma (genome, method of self-regulation and  variation,…

A: The immune system is a defence system that consists of various biological structures and activities…

Q: You can choose one or more than one option   Prions are    bacterial proteins.  destroyed by…

A: Prions are the proteinaceous structure that may infect both animals and humans.

Q: Why is it important to continue immunizing children in the United States against measles, even…

A: First we are guaranteed that, because of vaccines, a few infections are nearly gone from the U.S.…

Q: in order for a bacterial pathogen to colonise a host epithelial cell surface, which set of potential…

A: Introduction   Microorganisms develop or secrete some factors that can evoke pathogenicity in the…

Q: Microbes and humans. 1. At what age is an individual considered to have their full complement of…

A: Hello there! Since you have posted multiple questions and not mentioned which one of them to be…

Q: What would cause a local infection to spread into a pandemic so rapidly?

A: A pandemic is a global epidemic. An epidemic is when an infectious disease is widespread in a…

Q: 18) What is the second link in the chain of transmission? O infectious agent O portal of entry O…

A: The entry and multiplication of microorganisms that are not present inside the body are referred to…

Q: What is a microbiome? What is the human microbiome and how is it important to human health? What do…

A: The microbiome refers to the community of microorganisms that live on and inside the human body,…

Q: Virulence factors allow microbes to be pathogens. This means that a bacterium with more virulence…

A: Option c  Can more easily infect hosts and cause disease. Virulence is defined as the degree of…

Q: Which of the following is NOT a likely portal of entry for a pathogen to enter a healthy body with…

A: microorganisms can enter our body via many routes.

Q: Virulence Factors of S. pyogenes M protein Prevents pahgocytosis Streptolysin O Antigenic (…

A: Streptococcus pyogenes is a Gram-positive, aerotolerant bacterium in the genus called Streptococcus.…

Q: Select all that apply: During which stage(s) of the disease cycle can a person transmit a disease? O…

A: An infectious disease progresses in 4 stages namely - incubation period , prodromal stage, period of…

Q: When antibody marks an invader so the macrophages can find it more easily to efficiently destroy the…

A: The ability of the body to fight against pathogens is called immunity.. T lymphocytes provide…

Q: Mechanisms of virulence by microorganisms include

A: Virulence is defined as the ability of a microorganism to infect the host cell and cause disease.…

Q: something that is easily spread from one host to another a pathogenic microbe an abnormal state in…

A: healthy body is considered to be that body that does not have any form of aberration in the…

Q: The coating which some bacteria secrete to hide their antigen is referred to by 3 terms, give one as…

A: Some pathogens can hide their unique antigens from opsonizing antibodies or complement, They employ…

Q: Microb Which mechanism(s) of complement activation starts or initiates the complement response.…

A: Complement is a part of immune system. Activation of complement helps in the elimination of…

Q: what immune response damages bacterial diseases like syphilis

A: Introduction The body detects and protects itself against bacteria, viruses, and other things that…

Q: List the cell wall components that contribute to virulence by protecting the bacteria from immune…

A: A defense system in the body of an individual which constitutes a complex network of cells and…

Q: When exposed to a microbe, which antibody will be the first to respond? IgE IgM IgA IgG

A: Introduction:- Antibody are also known as immunoglobulins. Antibodies functions in recognition of…

Q: c- Location of genetie information (DNA) Q2/ Match the phrase(s) in List 'A' with the favourable…

A: In the given question we have name of some bacteria , organs in list A and we have to match them…

Q: What term is used to describe the unique molecules found onthe surface of different pathogens?

A: Step 1 Pathogens are disease-causing organisms or parasites. Pathogens have a specific point of…

Q: Influenza virus uses______ which is found in the envelope spikes, to adhere to the host cell"

A: * Influenza virus will attacks respiratory system by entering the nose, throat and lungs. *Influenza…

Q: how important is biochemistry during this time of CoVid 19 pandemic? explain it further.

A: CoVid 19 pandemic is due to an outbreak of viral infection that is caused by SARS CoV 19, a variant…

Q: You might expect that lysozyme, the protective mechanism included in mammalian tears would protect…

A: Answer.) :- Lysozyme is an enzyme that is naturally present in various bodily fluids, including…

Q: ss thorugh each

A: Breast cancer is cancer forms in cells of the breast. It is common cancer in females. It begins with…

Q: Which of the following scenarios does NOT describe a method by which the normal microbiome can cause…

A: In the body, the particular abnormal condition that possesses the potential to cause harm to the…

Q: Different strains of Streptococcus pyogenes have different virulence factors, giving these microbes…

A: Streptococcus pyogenes is the leading cause of uncomplicated bacterial pharyngitis and tonsillitis…

Q: 7. How does active immunity differ from passive immunity? Describe two examples of each.

A: Immunity refers to the ability of an organism to resist and defend against infections and other…

Q: 6. Describe how a cytotoxic T-cell interacts with antigen presented in MHC I. Describe how a helper…

A: The immune system's adaptive response involves specialized cells called T-cells, which recognize and…

Immunology

Immunology is the division of science involved with the immune reactions occurring in living organisms. The organisms are accustomed to evolving internal defense mechanisms to evade the invasion of microbial pathogens. Diverse cells are connected with stimulating the immune responses, which produce inhospitable conditions to the microbes prompting their lysis and thus inhibits the multiplication of the pathogens. The immune system can distinguish the pathogens through the aid of cellular intercommunication and launch responses to destroy them.