4.9-9 A column cross section is built up from four L5 x 5x 4, as shown in Figure P4.9-9. The angles are held in position by lacing bars, whose primary function is to hold the angles in position. The lacing is not con- sidered to contribute to the cross-sectional area, which is why it is shown by dashed lines. AISC Section E6 covers the design of lacing. The ef- fective length is 30 feet with respect to both axes, and A572 Grade 50 steel is used. Investigate flexural buckling only (no torsional buckling) and compute a. the design strength for LRFD. b. the allowable strength for ASD. -1'-6". -1'-6"-

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Bars

In civil engineering, bars refer to steel reinforcement bars or rebars. These are structural members primarily used for reinforcement purposes in masonry works. A bar is characterized by its cross-sectional area, which is negligible compared to its length. Bars are usually manufactured by steel which is uniform throughout the length, or by meshing multiple steel wires. Other materials of the bar include carbon steel, glass fiber, carbon fiber, and basalt fiber. The reinforcing bars are coated with epoxy resins and other materials to enhance some of their properties including corrosion resistance.