4.3-4b. IPv4/IPv6 co-existence: tunneling (b). Consider the mixed IPv4/IPv6 network shown below, where an IPv4 tunnel exists between IPv6 routers B and E. Suppose that IPv6 router A sends a datagram to IPv6 router F. IPv6 datagrams are shown in blue; the IPv4 datagram is in red (containing the encapsulated IPv6 datagram in blue). A IPv6 (a) B IPv6/v4 IPv4 (b) At point (b), the larger (red, encapsulating) datagram an IP version field in the datagram of: At point (b), the larger (red, encapsulating) datagram has a source IP address of host: At point (b), the larger (red, encapsulating) datagram has a destination IP address of host: At point (b), the smaller (blue, encapsulated) datagram has a source IP address of host: D At point (b), the smaller (blue, encapsulated) datagram has a destination IP address version of: IPv4 Perform the matching below to indicate the datagram field value and type at point (b). IPv6/v4 E IPv4 B E IPv6 F (c) IPv6

4.3-4b. IPv4/IPv6 co-existence: tunneling (b). Consider the mixed IPv4/IPv6 network shown below, where an IPv4 tunnel exists between IPv6 routers B and E. Suppose that IPv6 router A sends a datagram to IPv6 router F. IPv6 datagrams are shown in blue; the IPv4 datagram is in red (containing the encapsulated IPv6 datagram in blue). A IPv6 (a) B IPv6/v4 IPv4 (b) At point (b), the larger (red, encapsulating) datagram an IP version field in the datagram of: At point (b), the larger (red, encapsulating) datagram has a source IP address of host: At point (b), the larger (red, encapsulating) datagram has a destination IP address of host: At point (b), the smaller (blue, encapsulated) datagram has a source IP address of host: D At point (b), the smaller (blue, encapsulated) datagram has a destination IP address version of: IPv4 Perform the matching below to indicate the datagram field value and type at point (b). IPv6/v4 E IPv4 B E IPv6 F (c) IPv6

Database System Concepts

7th Edition

ISBN:9780078022159

Author:Abraham Silberschatz Professor, Henry F. Korth, S. Sudarshan

Publisher:Abraham Silberschatz Professor, Henry F. Korth, S. Sudarshan

Chapter1: Introduction

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1PE

See similar textbooks

Similar questions

In this problem we investigate whether either UDP or TCP provides a degree of end-point authentication. a. Consider a server that receives a request within a UDP packet and responds to that request within a UDP packet (for example, as done by a DNS server). If a client with IP address X spoofs its address with address Y, where will the server send its response? b. Suppose a server receives a SYN with IP source address Y, and after responding with a SYNACK, receives an ACK with IP source address Y with the correct acknowledgment number. Assuming the server chooses a random initial sequence number and there is no "man-in-the-middle," can the server be certain that the client is indeed at Y (and not at some other address X that is spoofing Y)?
Q.1.1 Using a computer networks to perform an application, many pieces come togetherto assist in the operation. A network architecture or communication model placesthe appropriate network pieces in layers.i. List the TCP/ IP protocol suite layer(s) that performs each of the followingfunctions:a. Data compression;b. Multiplexing;c. Routing;d. Definition of a signal’s electrical characteristics. ii. The layers of the TCP/ IP protocol suite and OSI are different. Which layersare “missing” from the TCP/ IP suite? Are they really missing? iii. If the data link layer provides error checking, and the transport layer provideserror checking, is this not redundant? Explain your answer. iv. Similarly, the data‐link layer provides flow control, and the transport layerprovides flow control. Are these different forms of flow control? Explain youranswer.
2
Consider an IP packet with a length of 4,500bytes that includes a 20-byteIPv4 header ans 40-byte TCP header. The packet is forwarded to an IPv4 router that supports a Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) of 600bytes. Assume that the length of the IP header in all the outgoing fragments of this packet is 20bytes. Assume that the fragmentation offset value stored in the first fragment is 0. The fragmentation offset value stored in the third fragment is
a. Suppose we send into the Internet two IP datagrams, each carrying a different UDP segment. The first datagram has source IP address A1, destination IP address B, source port P1, and destination port T. The second datagram has source IP address A2, destination IP address B, source port P2, and destination port T. Suppose that A1 is different from A2 and that P1 is different from P2. Assuming that both datagrams reach their final destination, will the two UDP datagrams be received by the same socket? Why or why not? b. Suppose Alice, Bob, and Claire want to have an audio conference call using SIP and RTP. For Alice to send and receive RTP packets to and from Bob and Claire, is only one UDP socket sufficient (in addition to the socket needed for the SIP messages)? If yes, then how does Alice's SIP client distinguish between the RTP packets received from Bob and Claire?
2. The following illustration shows a transmission from Host A to Host B using Network Address Translation (NAT). Host A is located inside a Local Area Network (LAN) with an IP address of 192.168.1.2. The LAN is connected to the Wide Area Network (WAN), i.e. the Internet, through a router R1 that conducts NAT. R1 has two interfaces with an internal LAN IP address (192.168.1.1) and and external WAN IP address (127.45.10.35). Host B is located outside the LAN and is a well-known server, e.g., Google's server. Host B has an IP address of 130.160.23.45. Port numbers for the application components running at both hosts are provided in the figure. For a single message M1 being sent from Host A to Host B, please fill in the blanks in the illustration below with the source IP address and Port number at Host A and at the Router R1. Any information not provided may be assumed, however, please state your assumption clearly. Host A Local Area Network (LAN) IP: 192.168.1.2 Port: 5252 Source IP…
P5. Consider a datagram network using 32-bit host addresses. Suppose a router has four links, numbered 0 through 3, and packets are to be forwarded to the link interfaces as follows: (refer to first image) a. Provide a forwarding table that has five entries, uses longest prefix matching, and forwards packets to the correct link interfaces. b. Describe how your forwarding table determines the appropriate link interface for datagrams with destination addresses: (refer to second image)
1. What is the difference between packet fragmentation (i.e., at network layer) and frame frag- mentation (i.e., at link layer) in terms of purpose? 2. Suppose that host A is connected to a router R1, R1 is connected to another router, R2, and R2 is connected to host B. Suppose that a TCP message that contains 800 bytes of data and 20 bytes of TCP header is passed to the IP function at host A for delivery to B. Show the Total length, DF, MF, and Fragment offset fields of the IP header in each packet transmitted over the three links. (Assume that link A-R1 can support a maximum frame size of 1024 bytes including a 14-byte frame header, link R1-R2 can support a maximum frame size of 512 bytes, including an 8-byte frame header, and link R2-B can support a maximum frame size of 432 bytes including a 12-byte frame header.) (*hint: the Fragment offset field is denominated by 8-bytes, not bytes) 3. What is the purpose of the path MTU discovery process (see textbook Figure 5-42) and why does…
Suppose that a router interconnects three subnets, where all the interfaces ofthe subnets must have the prefix 164.132.62/24. Also, suppose that Subnet 1 is required to support up to 60 interfaces, Subnet 2 is required to support up to 100 interfaces, and Subnet 3 is required to support up to 15 interfaces. Provide three network addresses of the form a.b.c.d/x that satisfy the aboverequirements.
4.04-1. IPV4/IPV6 co-existence: tunneling (a). Consider the mixed IPV4/IPV6 network shown below, where an IPV4 tunnel exists between IPV6 routers B and E. Suppose that IPV6 router A sends a datagram to IPV6 router F. IPV6 datagrams are shown in blue; the IPV4 datagram is in red (containing the encapsulated IPV6 datagram in blue). A B C D E F IPV6 IPV6/v4 IPV4 IPV4 IPV6/v4 IPV6 (a) (b) (c) Perform the matching below to indicate the datagram field value and type at point (a). [Note: You can find more examples of problems similar to this here.] ]At point (a), the IP version field in the datagram is: A. D В. А v At point (a), the source IP address is that of host: C IPV4 At point (a), the destination IP address is that of host: D. 128 Е. В At point (a), the number of bits in the destination F. F IP address is: G. IPV6 Н. 32
In this problem we investigate whether either UDP or TCP provides a degree of end-point authentication. a. Consider a server that receives a request within a UDP packet and responds to that request within a UDP packet (for example, as done by a DNS server). If a client with IP address X spoofs its address with address Y, where will the server send its response? b. Suppose a server receives a SYN with IP source address Y, and after responding with a SYNACK, receives an ACK with IP source address Y with the correct acknowledgment number. Assuming the server chooses a random initial sequence number and there is no "man-in-the-middle," can the server be certain that the client is indeed at Y (and not at some other address X that is spoofing Y)?
Consider a long-lived TCP session with an end- to-end bandwidth of 1 Gbps (= 10⁹ bits-per- second). The session starts with a sequence number of 1234. The minimum time (in seconds, rounded to the closest integer) before this sequence number can be used again is