**NAT (Network Address Translation) Diagram Explanation****Overview:**This diagram illustrates the process of Network Address Translation (NAT), which allows devices on a local area network (LAN) to communicate with external networks such as the internet. The setup includes several key components, including computers, a router, and the NAT translation table. **Components:**1. **NAT Translation Table**: - **WAN side address**: 135.122.200.215 - **LAN side address**: 10.0.1.152. **Addresses**: - **External Address (WAN)**: 135.122.200.215 - **Local Network (LAN) Addresses**: - PC 1: 10.0.1.13 - PC 2: 10.0.1.15 - PC 3: 10.0.1.22 - Router Interface: 10.0.1.27**Process Flow:**1. **Step 1**: - A packet originates from a PC on the LAN, here the source (S) is one of the local IP addresses (e.g., 10.0.1.15) and the destination (D) is an external IP. This packet is sent to the router.2. **Step 2**: - The router receives the packet. NAT translates the local IP address (LAN side addr) to the corresponding WAN side address (135.122.200.215) from the translation table.3. **Step 3**: - The packet is sent to the external network with the translated WAN IP address as the source.4. **Step 4**: - Responses from the external network arrive at the router with the WAN IP address as the destination. NAT translates the address back to the respective LAN IP (10.0.1.15), and the packet is forwarded to the correct local device.**Conclusion:**By translating between WAN and LAN addresses, NAT enables multiple devices on a local network to communicate with external networks using a single external IP. This preserves the limited number of available IP addresses and adds a layer of security by masking internal network details. **Network Address Translation**Consider the scenario in which three hosts, with private IP addresses 10.0.1.13, 10.0.1.15, and 10.0.1.22, are in a local network behind a NAT'd router that sits between these three hosts and the larger Internet.IP datagrams being sent from, or destined to, these three hosts must pass through this NAT router.The router’s interface on the LAN side has IP address 10.0.1.27, while the router’s address on the Internet side has IP address 135.122.200.215.### Diagram ExplanationThe diagram illustrates a NAT setup with:- A NAT translation table showing the WAN side address (135.122.200.215) and the LAN side address (10.0.1.15).- Three main communication flows labeled (1) to (4).1. Host with IP address 10.0.1.15 sends data to the Internet.2. The router translates the private IP address to its WAN side address.3. The IP datagram is sent over the Internet to the destination.4. The response from the Internet is translated back to the host’s private address.### ScenarioSuppose that the host with IP address 10.0.1.15 sends an IP datagram destined to host 128.119.178.183. The source port is 3391, and the destination port is 80.Consider the datagram at step 2, after it has been transmitted by the router. What is the source IP address for this datagram?Options:- ☐ 10.0.1.13- ☐ 10.0.1.27- ☐ 128.119.178.183- ☐ 135.122.200.215- ☐ 10.0.1.22

In the given figure, there is one router and it contains 2 ports. Each port contains a separate IP address. There are three hosts and three are transferred data packets through the router to destination. The Ip address of given hosts are: 10.0.1.13 10.0.1.15 10.0.1.22 The Ip addresses of routers ports: 10.0.1.27 135.122.200.215In step 2, the data packet is transferring from the left side port of the given router to another. But that packet is arrived from the host whose IP address is 10.0.1.15. The router does not change the source Ip address, it only changes the source MAC address. So, in step 2 , the source Ip address must be address of the host. So, the source Ip address present in the step 2 is, 10.0.1.15 Hence, the answer is option 1.

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The router's intertace on the LAN side has IP address 10.0.1.27, while the router's address on the Internet side has IP NAT translation table WAN side addr LAN side addr address 135.122.200.215 S: D: Suppose that the host with IP address 10.0.1.15 sends an IP datagram destined to host 128.119.178.183. The source por is 3391, and the destination port is 80. Consider the datagram at step 2, after it has been transmitted by the router. What is the source IP address for this datagram? 10.0.1.15 10.0.1.27 128.119.178.183 O 135.122.200.215 O 10.0.1.22

The router's intertace on the LAN side has IP address 10.0.1.27, while the router's address on the Internet side has IP NAT translation table WAN side addr LAN side addr address 135.122.200.215 S: D: Suppose that the host with IP address 10.0.1.15 sends an IP datagram destined to host 128.119.178.183. The source por is 3391, and the destination port is 80. Consider the datagram at step 2, after it has been transmitted by the router. What is the source IP address for this datagram? 10.0.1.15 10.0.1.27 128.119.178.183 O 135.122.200.215 O 10.0.1.22

Database System Concepts

7th Edition

ISBN:9780078022159

Author:Abraham Silberschatz Professor, Henry F. Korth, S. Sudarshan

Publisher:Abraham Silberschatz Professor, Henry F. Korth, S. Sudarshan

Chapter1: Introduction

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1PE

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Network Protocols

A network protocol is a set of rules that govern how data is exchanged between the devices in a network. Network protocols enable communication between devices that are located in different parts of the world. Consequently, they are critical in today's digital communications.

Question

**NAT (Network Address Translation) Diagram Explanation**

**Overview:**

This diagram illustrates the process of Network Address Translation (NAT), which allows devices on a local area network (LAN) to communicate with external networks such as the internet. The setup includes several key components, including computers, a router, and the NAT translation table.

**Components:**

1. **NAT Translation Table**:
- **WAN side address**: 135.122.200.215
- **LAN side address**: 10.0.1.15

2. **Addresses**:
- **External Address (WAN)**: 135.122.200.215
- **Local Network (LAN) Addresses**:
- PC 1: 10.0.1.13
- PC 2: 10.0.1.15
- PC 3: 10.0.1.22
- Router Interface: 10.0.1.27

**Process Flow:**

1. **Step 1**:
- A packet originates from a PC on the LAN, here the source (S) is one of the local IP addresses (e.g., 10.0.1.15) and the destination (D) is an external IP. This packet is sent to the router.

2. **Step 2**:
- The router receives the packet. NAT translates the local IP address (LAN side addr) to the corresponding WAN side address (135.122.200.215) from the translation table.

3. **Step 3**:
- The packet is sent to the external network with the translated WAN IP address as the source.

4. **Step 4**:
- Responses from the external network arrive at the router with the WAN IP address as the destination. NAT translates the address back to the respective LAN IP (10.0.1.15), and the packet is forwarded to the correct local device.

**Conclusion:**

By translating between WAN and LAN addresses, NAT enables multiple devices on a local network to communicate with external networks using a single external IP. This preserves the limited number of available IP addresses and adds a layer of security by masking internal network details.

**Network Address Translation**

Consider the scenario in which three hosts, with private IP addresses 10.0.1.13, 10.0.1.15, and 10.0.1.22, are in a local network behind a NAT'd router that sits between these three hosts and the larger Internet.

IP datagrams being sent from, or destined to, these three hosts must pass through this NAT router.

The router’s interface on the LAN side has IP address 10.0.1.27, while the router’s address on the Internet side has IP address 135.122.200.215.

### Diagram Explanation

The diagram illustrates a NAT setup with:

- A NAT translation table showing the WAN side address (135.122.200.215) and the LAN side address (10.0.1.15).
- Three main communication flows labeled (1) to (4).

1. Host with IP address 10.0.1.15 sends data to the Internet.
2. The router translates the private IP address to its WAN side address.
3. The IP datagram is sent over the Internet to the destination.
4. The response from the Internet is translated back to the host’s private address.

### Scenario

Suppose that the host with IP address 10.0.1.15 sends an IP datagram destined to host 128.119.178.183. The source port is 3391, and the destination port is 80.

Consider the datagram at step 2, after it has been transmitted by the router. What is the source IP address for this datagram?

Options:
- ☐ 10.0.1.13
- ☐ 10.0.1.27
- ☐ 128.119.178.183
- ☐ 135.122.200.215
- ☐ 10.0.1.22

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