Lipids
The heterogeneous classes of organic compounds that are not water-soluble but are dissolved in organic solvents that are non-polar in nature are termed lipids. They are a long chain of fatty acids and esters of alcohols. Lipids are generally seen in several plants, microorganisms, and animals. They are utilized as insulation, components of the cell membrane, hormones, and molecules for the storage of energy.
Glycerophospholipid
Glycerophospholipid is the most abundantly occuring phospholipids found in the biological membranes. Lipids include a group of organic compounds like fats, hormones, oils, waxes, vitamins etc. They are non-polar molecules and are insoluble in water. Lipids play an important role in biological systems. They are the building blocks of our cell membranes, store energy and are involved in signaling.
Structure Of Camphor
A terpene with the molecular formula of C10H16O is a waxy, white color solid known as camphor. It is flammable. It also possesses a very pungent taste and a strong odor. There are various sources for extracting camphor from natural products such as the wood of the tree of camphor laurel. Sublimation of wood and steam distillation are some of the methods involved in obtaining camphor.
Glycolipid In Organic Chemistry
Glycolipids are lipids that are an important class of organic compounds in chemistry that have simple to complex applications. They contain carbohydrates, fatty acids, sphingolipids or a glycerol group. In other words, they are the modifications of lipids like acylglycerols, prenols and ceramides. They are all part of a wider group of compounds known as glycoconjugates.
Diterpenoid
The terpenoid class includes diterpenoids, which are chemical compounds with 20 carbon atoms. They are made up of four isoprene units and are derived from geranylgeraniol, a C20 precursor. They have a C20H32 basic structure. These characteristics distinguish diterpenoids from simple terpenes, which have just 10 carbon atoms.
![4. Why do we have to keep Fehling's A separate with Fehling’s B?](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F246004fa-ca2a-4d49-9c81-28bf485b2532%2Ff9fe2140-7d48-4eb5-b7c9-a7c6717419a4%2Fl7iwdjl_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
![REACTIONS OF CARBOHYDRATES
Reagents:Samples:10% glucose, galactose, fructose, xylose, maltose, sucrose, lactose, starch
(5 ml each) ,2 ml Fehling's A, 2 ml Fehling's B, 8 ml Benedict's reagent, 8 ml
Barfoed's reagent, 3 g sodium acetate, 2 g phenylhydrazineHCl
Materials: 12( 20 ml) test tubes, test tube rack, test tube brush, test tube holder, alcohol
lamp, tripod, wire gauze, water bath, (10 ml) graduated cylinder, dropper, stirring
rod, beaker(250 ml), spatula, microscope,7 glass slide, 7 cover slip, watch glass,
platform balance
Procedure:
1. Osazone formation -Mix 3 g sodium acetate and 2 g phenylhydrazineHCL and 14 ml
distilled water. Warm with stirring until solution clears.
Place 1 ml sugar solution (glucose, fructose, galactose, maltose, xylose, sucrose, lactose)
in separate tube. Add 2 ml of the hot solution in each of the sugar solution, stopper with
cotton, mix well and heat in a boiling water bath for 30 minutes. Cool at room
temperature and examine the crystals under the microscope. Draw and compare the
crystals.
2. Fehling's test – mix 2 ml Fehling's A with 2 ml Fehling's B and add 4 ml of water. Boil
the solution for 1 minute. If the solution remains clear blue, place 1 ml of the solution in 8
separate test tubes. Add 5 drops of the sugar solution (glucose, fructose, galactose, xylose,
maltose, lactose, sucrose, starch)in separate test tubes. Place the tubes in a boiling water
bath for another 2 minutes and note the formation and color of precipitate.
3. Benedict's test – place 1 ml of Benedict's reagent in 8 separate test tubes. Add 5 drops of
the sugar solution (use all 8 samples) in separate tubes. Place in a boiling water bath for 2
minutes. Cool and observe formation and color of precipitate.
4. Barfoed's test – place 1 ml Barfoed's reagent in 8 separate tubes. Add 5 drops of the
sugar solution (use all 8 samples) in separate tubes. Place in a boiling water bath for 5
minutes. Cool and observe formation and color of precipitate.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F246004fa-ca2a-4d49-9c81-28bf485b2532%2Ff9fe2140-7d48-4eb5-b7c9-a7c6717419a4%2Fa91hxos_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
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