Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates are the organic compounds that are obtained in foods and living matters in the shape of sugars, cellulose, and starch. The general formula of carbohydrates is Cn(H2O)2. The ratio of H and O present in carbohydrates is identical to water.
Starch
Starch is a polysaccharide carbohydrate that belongs to the category of polysaccharide carbohydrates.
Mutarotation
The rotation of a particular structure of the chiral compound because of the epimerization is called mutarotation. It is the repercussion of the ring chain tautomerism. In terms of glucose, this can be defined as the modification in the equilibrium of the α- and β- glucose anomers upon its dissolution in the solvent water. This process is usually seen in the chemistry of carbohydrates.
L Sugar
A chemical compound that is represented with a molecular formula C6H12O6 is called L-(-) sugar. At the carbon’s 5th position, the hydroxyl group is placed to the compound’s left and therefore the sugar is represented as L(-)-sugar. It is capable of rotating the polarized light’s plane in the direction anticlockwise. L isomers are one of the 2 isomers formed by the configurational stereochemistry of the carbohydrates.
Please Solve
![5. CIRCLE ALL THAT APPLY: Why is it so difficult to physically separate enantiomers from each
other in a mixture?
a. They are the same compound
b. They have the same melting points
c. They have the same densities
d. They are both meso compounds
6. TRUE OR FALSE: When a medication is taken that is composed of D and L isomers (racemate
mixture):
a. The D and Lisomers typically generate different biological responses:
b.
If one of the isomers is isolated, the pure drug would have a faster
biological response time:
7. Are carbohydrates soluble or insoluble in water?
8. Are lipids soluble or insoluble in water?
9. Classify each of the following as a either saturated, monounsaturated or polyunsaturated fatty
acids.
a.
b. CH3-(CH₂)2-(CH=CH)2-(CH₂)-COOH
C. CH3-CH=CH-(CH2)13-COOH
CH3-(CH₂)24-COOH
10. For the following compound:
CH3-(CH₂)14-C-0-(CH₂)29-CH3
a. Is this an example of a wax, fat or oil:
b. What functional group is present:
11. In each of the following pairs, circle which molecule has a lower melting point.
a.
b.
COOH
OR
COOH OR
COOH
COOH](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F60deabc9-fde2-4a04-9139-892b6c06a7d8%2F57be0f7a-4803-4aeb-9d21-a92ff06f89c6%2Fprdhna_processed.png&w=3840&q=75)
![1. Label the following as a: diasteriomer, enantiomer or neither (different compound)
CHO
CHO
a.
b.
HO
HO
Ho
H
-H
CH₂OH
CHO
H-
HO-
CHO
-OH
TH
CH₂CH₂CH₂
CH₂OH
H
and
CH₂OH
and
H-
H-
H
b.
2. Indicate whether each of the following molecules are chiral or achiral. Circle the chiral carbon(s)
if present in each structure.
CH3
HC–CH, CH
-OH
-OH
CH₂OH
HO
HO-
CHO
-H
-H
CH₂OH
3. Indicate if the following molecule has an R or S configuration.
a.
OH
b.
4. Answer questions for the following molecule:
a. Circle any/all chiral centers.
b. Is the molecule chiral or achiral.
Atomic #'s & Masses:
Carbon: 6, 12.01g/mole Oxygen: 8, 16.00g/mole H: 1, 1.01g/mole
H
H.
CH₂
Br
Br](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F60deabc9-fde2-4a04-9139-892b6c06a7d8%2F57be0f7a-4803-4aeb-9d21-a92ff06f89c6%2Ficd8t6_processed.png&w=3840&q=75)
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