4. Consider the market for face masks. an d) Briefly explain whether you agree or disagree with the following statement: "Carbon emissions from cars cause breathing difficulties for people with respiratory illnesses. The total benefit to society is greatest when we completely eliminate the carbon emissions."

4. Consider the market for face masks. an d) Briefly explain whether you agree or disagree with the following statement: "Carbon emissions from cars cause breathing difficulties for people with respiratory illnesses. The total benefit to society is greatest when we completely eliminate the carbon emissions."

Principles of Economics 2e

2nd Edition

ISBN:9781947172364

Author:Steven A. Greenlaw; David Shapiro

Publisher:Steven A. Greenlaw; David Shapiro

Chapter12: Environmental Protection And Negative Externalities

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 2SCQ: Identify whether the market supply curve will shift right or left or will stay the same for the...

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(Figure: The Socially Optimal Quantity of Emissions from Coal Production) Use Figure The Socialy Optimal Quarety of Emissions from Coal Production in the figure, firms are the only beneficiaries of polution, and costs are borne solely by others in the society. Without government intervention Marginal social cost, marginal social benefit MSC of pollution MSB of pollution Quantity of pollution emissions (tons) O The outcome cannot be determined without more information Orms will continue to polute until the marginal benefit to them is $200 O firms will continue to pollute until the marginal benate to them is zero. O the quantity of pollution will be optimal.
2. If the US has a population of 330 million people, the average annual beef consumption in the US is 50 Ibs, and on average one Ib of beef production generated 15 lbs of CO2 emissions, then what is the environmental impact of beef consumption in the US? (your answer could be given in Ibs of CO2 or you can convert to tons of CO2]
4. Understanding different policy options to correct for negativeexternalities Carbon dioxide emissions have been linked to melting of sea ice. The following table lists some potential regulations targeting the amount of airborne carbon dioxide. For each policy listed, identify whether it is a command-and-control policy (regulation), tradable permit system, corrective subsidy, or corrective tax. Tradable Permit System Public Policy The government limits total carbon-dioxide emissions by all factories to 260,000 tons per five years. Each individual factory is given the right to emit 230 tons of carbon dioxide, and factories may buy and sell these rights in a marketplace. Trees take carbon dioxide out of the air and convert it to oxygen, so the government funds a tree-planting initiative by offering $440 to any citizen who plants a tree. The government orders every factory to adopt a new technology, which reduces carbon-dioxide emissions into the atmosphere. The government charges…
4. Externalities - Definition and examples An externality arises when a firm or person engages in an activity that affects the well-being of a third party, yet neither pays nor receives any compensation for that effect. If the impact on the third party is beneficial, it is called a externality. The following graph shows the demand and supply curves for a good with this type of externality. The dashed drop lines on the graph reflect the market equilibrium price and quantity for this good. Shift one of the curves to reflect the presence of the externality. If there are external costs of production, then you should shift the supply curve to reflect the social costs of producing the good; similarly, if there are external benefits from production, then you should shift the demand curve to reflect the social benefits from consuming the good. PRICE (Dollars per unit) QUANTITY (Units) Supply Demand O Demand -- Supply ? With this type of externality, in the absence of government intervention,…
Oregon legislative committee passes cap-and-trade bill Lawmakers are moving Oregon a step closer to adopting what would be the nation's second economywide carbon pricing scheme. after California. Price and cost (cents per mile) Q 40- S=MC a G Source: Portland Business Journal, May 17, 2019 35 The transportation sector is Oregon's largest contributor to carbon emissions. Under what conditions would Oregon's carbon pricing scheme reduce carbon emissions to the efficient quantity? Use a graph to illustrate your explanation. Show the effects of setting the price of carbon too low and too high. 30- 25 20 15 and permits traded at a The efficient quantity of transportation would be produced if the quantity of permits was set such that, price OA. marginal private cost of transportation equals marginal benefit, above marginal external cost B. marginal social cost of transportation equals marginal benefit, equal to marginal external cost OC. marginal social cost of transportation equals marginal…
4. Externalities - Definition and examples An externality arises when a firm or person engages in an activity that affects the well-being of a third party, yet neither pays nor receives any compensation for that effect. If the impact on the third party is detrimental, it is called a externality. The following graph shows the demand and supply curves for a good with this type of externality. The dashed drop lines on the graph reflect the market equilibrium price and quantity for this good. Shift one of the curves to reflect the presence of the externality. If there are external costs of production, then you should shift the supply curve to reflect the social costs of producing the good; similarly, if there are external benefits from production, then you should shift the demand curve to reflect the social benefits from consuming the good. PRICE (Dollars per unit) QUANTITY (Units) Supply Demand Demand Supply With this type of externality, in the absence of government intervention, the…
1. Externalities - Definition and examples An externality arises when a firm or person engages in an activity that affects the wellbeing of a third party, yet neither pays nor receives any compensation for that effect. If the impact on the third party is adverse, it is called a externality. The following graph shows the demand and supply curves for a good with this type of externality. The dashed drop lines on the graph reflect the market equilibrium price and quantity for this good. Adjust one or both of the curves to reflect the presence of the externality. If the social cost of producing the good is not equal to the private cost, then you should drag the supply curve to reflect the social costs of producing the good; similarly, if the social value of producing the good is not equal to the private value, then you should drag the demand curve to reflect the social value of consuming the good. ? PRICE (Dollars per unit) QUANTITY (Units) Supply Demand Demand Supply With this type of…
4. Understanding different policy options to correct for negative externalities Carbon dioxide emissions have been linked to degradation of air quality. The following table lists some potential regulations targeting the amount of airborne carbon dioxide. For each policy listed, identify whether it is a command-and-control policy (regulation), tradable permit system, corrective subsidy, or corrective tax Tradable Permit System: Public Policy The government charges factories $210 for every ton of carbon dioxide they emit. The government orders every factory to adopt a new technology, which reduces carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere.. The government limits total carbon-dioxide emissions by all factories to 280,000 tons per five years. Each individual factory is given the right to emit 240 tons of carbon dioxide, and factories may buy and sell these rights in a marketplace. The government agrees to reimburse all factories that purchase new, emissions-reducing technology in order…
3. The figure shows supply and demand for planting trees, based on private costs and private value. Trees sequester carbon, meaning that they help counteract pollutants that contribute to climate change. Supply is given by P=(1/5)Q+4. Price of trees ($) 16 vlleiona sdi toode grind of gaitneleon oxibiadua Insamovog od bluoria doum woll > (laval lernitqo siooz - love pioiflo aniH) Sninaly sou to level insioifto Quantity of trees 80 Vanui D=PV=SV a. Suppose that the carbon sequestration that results from planting a tree is worth $4. Graph the social cost curve for tree planting that accounts for the positive externality indo of trees. O noitesubs sgo lovel yus 101 aftened steving sdh besoxs noitesubs 02/20 exibiadure of me 1944an2be agellos to innome insisifie yllisimmanoce sil oiterubo ogollos to calv b. Ignoring the positive externality, how many trees will be planted? uba
6. Externalities Yakov plants a variety of trees, shrubs, and flowers in his yard. The landscaping beautifies the neighborhood. Which of the following is true? This will generate a positive externality. O This will not generate any externalities. The cost to Yakov of planting is a negative externality.
3. Draw the market for electricity below with the knowledge that the energy market is the greatest global polluter.
3. The EPA wants to reduce emissions of sulfur dioxides from electric power-generating plants by 20 percent during the next year. To achieve this goal, the EPA will require each power-generating plant in the nation to reduce emissions by 100 tons per year. Suppose five power plants emit sulfur dioxides and serve a given metropolitan area. The following table shows the cost per ton of reducing emissions for each of the five plants: COST PER TON OF PLANT 1 2 3 4 5 EMISSIONS REDUCTION ($) a. Cost of meeting EPA regulations. 600 500 500 400 200 Assuming that the cost per ton of emissions reduction is constant and that the improvement in the air for the metropolitan area is the same no matter which plant reduces emissions, calculate the following: b. Least-cost method of achieving the EPA goal of reducing emissions of sulfur dioxides from power plants in the metropolitan area.