4. By what fraction does the kinetic energy of a neutron with mass midecrease in a head-on ELASTIC collision with a nucleus, where the latterhas a mass m2 and is at rest when the collision occurs? Calculate thefractional energy loss for a neutron collision with a lead nucleus, a carbonnucleus and a hydrogen nucleus. Note that the ratio of m2/m₁ is 206 forlead, 12 for carbon and 1 for hydrogen.

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Answered: 4. By what fraction does the kinetic…

College Physics

1st Edition

ISBN:9781938168000

Author:Paul Peter Urone, Roger Hinrichs

Publisher:Paul Peter Urone, Roger Hinrichs

Chapter31: Radioactivity And Nuclear Physics

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 41PE: (a) Calculate the energy released in the a decay of 238U. (b) What fraction of the mass at a single...

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(a) Calculate the energy released in the a decay of 238U. (b) What fraction of the mass at a single 238U is destroyed in the decay? The mass of 234Th is 234.043593 u. (c) Although the fractional mass loss is laws for a single nucleus, it is difficult to observe for an entire macroscopic sample of uranium. Why is this?
(a) How many 239Pu nuclei must fission to produce a 20.0kT yield, assuming 200 MeV per fission? (b) What is the mass of this much 239Pu?
(a) Calculate the radius of 58Ni, one of the most tightly bound stable nuclei. (b) What is the ratio of the radius of 58Ni to that at 258Ha, one of the largest nuclei ever made? Note that the radius of the largest nucleus is still much smaller than ?le size of an atom.
The electrical power output of a large nuclear reactor facility is 900 MW. It has a 35.0% efficiency in converting nuclear power to electrical power. What is the thermal nuclear power output in megawatts? How many 235U nuclei fission each second, assuming the average fission produces 200 MeV? What mass of 235U is fissioned in 1 year of full-power operation?
(a) Write the decay equation for the decay of 235U. (b) What energy is released in this decay? The mass of the daughter nuclide is 231.036298 u. (c) Assuming the residual nucleus is formed in its ground state, how much energy goes to the particle?
(a) If the average molecular mass of compounds in food is 50.0 g, how many molecules are mere in 1.00 kg at food? (b) How many ion pairs are created in 1.00 kg of food, if it is exposed to 1000 Sv and it takes 32.0 eV to create an ion pair? (c) Find the ratio of ion pairs to molecules. (d) If these ion pairs recombine into a distribution of 2000 new compounds, how many parts per billion is each?
Why can heavy nuclei with odd numbers of neutrons be induced to fission with thermal neutrons, whereas those with even numbers of neutrons require more energy input to induce fission?
Integrated Concepts: (a) What temperature gas would have atoms moving fast enough to bring two 3He nuclei into contact? Note that, because both are moving, the average kinetic energy only needs to be half the electric potential energy of these doubly charged nuclei when just in contact with one another. (b) Does this high temperature imply practical difficulties for doing this in controlled fusion?
The ceramic glaze on a red-orange “Fiestaware” plate is U2O3and contains 50.0 grams of 238U, but very little 235U. (a) What is the activity of the plate? (b) Calculate the total energy that will be released by the 238U decay, (c) If energy is worth 12.0 cents per kWh , what is the monetary value of the energy emitted? (These brightly- colored ceramic plates went out of production some 30 years ago, but are still available as collectibles.)
(a) Calculate the energy released in the neutroninduced fission reaction n+235U92Kr+142Ba+2n, given m(92Kr)=91.926269 and m(142Ba)=141.916361u. (b) Confirm that the total number at nucleons and total charge are conserved in this reaction.
(a) How much energy would be released if the proton did decay 1uria the conjectured reaction (b) Given that the decays to two (s and that the will find an electron to annihilate, what total energy is ultimately produced in proton decay? (c) Why is this energy greater than the proton's total mass (converted to energy)?
The power output of the Sun is 41026W. (a) If 90% of this is supplied by the protonproton cycle, how many protons are consumed per second? (b) How many neutrinos per second should there be per square meter at the Earth from this process? This huge number is indicative of how rarely a neutrino interacts, since large detectors observe very few per day.

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