### Determining Lime and Soda Ash Doses for Water Softening#### Problem Statement:Determine the lime and soda ash dose, in mg/L as CaCO₃, to soften the following water to a final hardness of less than 90.0 mg/L as CaCO₃. The cost details are as follows:- **Lime Cost:** $61.70 per megagram (Mg), with 90% purity.- **Soda Ash Cost:** $172.50 per Mg, with 97% purity.Calculate the annual chemical cost of treating 0.050 m³/s of this water.#### Ion Concentrations (mg/L as CaCO₃):- **Ca²⁺:** 137.0 mg/L- **Mg²⁺:** 60.0 mg/L- **HCO₃⁻:** 197.0 mg/L- **CO₂:** 90.0 mg/L#### Steps Involved:1. Calculate the amount of lime and soda ash required to achieve the desired water hardness.2. Adjust for chemical purity.3. Compute the cost based on the treated water volume per second over a year.### Notes:- Ensure conversions account for continuous treatment over time.- Consider efficiency adjustments based on purity percentages for both lime and soda ash.

Answered: Image /qna-images/answer/2f5d0c22-6059-4e1a-8b5f-11711825d445.jpg

4-23. Determine the lime and soda ash dose, in mg/L as CaCO3, to soften the following water to a final hardness of less than 90.0 mg/L as CaCO3. If the price of lime, pur- chased as CaO, is $61.70 per megagram (Mg), and the price of soda ash, purchase as Na2CO3, is $172.50 per Mg. What is the annual chemical cost of treating 0.050 m3/s of this water? Assume the lime is 90% pure and the soda ash is 97% pure. Th- ion concentrations reported below are all mg/L as CACO3. Ca2+ 137.0 60.0 %3D Mg2+ HCO, = 197.0 CO, %3D = 9.0 0.00 %3D

4-23. Determine the lime and soda ash dose, in mg/L as CaCO3, to soften the following water to a final hardness of less than 90.0 mg/L as CaCO3. If the price of lime, pur- chased as CaO, is $61.70 per megagram (Mg), and the price of soda ash, purchase as Na2CO3, is $172.50 per Mg. What is the annual chemical cost of treating 0.050 m3/s of this water? Assume the lime is 90% pure and the soda ash is 97% pure. Th- ion concentrations reported below are all mg/L as CACO3. Ca2+ 137.0 60.0 %3D Mg2+ HCO, = 197.0 CO, %3D = 9.0 0.00 %3D

Structural Analysis

6th Edition

ISBN:9781337630931

Author:KASSIMALI, Aslam.

Publisher:KASSIMALI, Aslam.

Chapter2: Loads On Structures

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

See similar textbooks

Related questions

Q: The mass of the container is 50.25 kg. The mass of the CA sample plus container is 1,151.50 kg.…

A: Given Mass of container 50.25 kgMass of the CA sample plus container is 1,151.50 kg (moist )Mass of…

Q: Q1) Read the following sentences, write true or false, and correct the sentences that are false: -…

A: Water suitable for drinking can be used for concrete manufacturing. Concrete should be free from any…

Q: Determine the lime and soda ash dose, in mg/L as CACO3 to soften the following water to a final…

Q: Q2: (12.5 Marks) Two-stage softening: A water with the ionic characteristics shown below is to be…

A: Step 1: 1. Draw the treatment units scheme The typical treatment units in a two-stage softening…

Q: An aggregate sample was collected in a container and weighed as 528.7 g. The sample was oven dried…

A: Determine the MC of the aggregates?

Q: A lime-soda softening plant treats a flow of 150 MGD, and the water has a hardness of 225 mg/ℓ as…

A: Answer (a) Calculation of pounds of quicklime required per million gallons We know that pounds of…

Q: Compute the mass fraction of a ferrite and cementite in pearlite.

A: Lever rule: - It is defined as the rule that helps to find mass fraction of every phases.

Q: Please solve all points

A: Approach to solving the questions 1) Answer - non-carbonate hardness in water typically arises…

Q: 6-3. Estimate the amount of lime, in tons/d, required to soften 5 MGD of water to the practical…

A: Given- The amount of lime, in tons/d water, required to soften 5MGD of Water. EW= Equivant…

Q: Question 1. analyses of these cements are shown below. (You can find Bogue equation from 'Equations…

Q: Untreated water sample from the Kerian River, Parit Buntar has the following chemical composition: V…

A: The flow of fluid includes movement of an unbalanced fluid. As long as unequalled forces are in…

Q: . The analysis of a hard water shows the following compositions: = 3 mg/l = 68 mg/l = 92 mgll 15…

Q: What dosage of lime with a purity of 90% of CaO is required to combine 35 mg/l of calcium.

Q: 18. Determine the lime and soda ash dose, in mg/L as CACO3, to soften the following water to a final…

A: The word hardness was originally given to waters that were difficult to wash in, referring to hard…

Q: quantity of water to be treated is 2 MGD. i Estimate the total hardness, carbonate hardness and…

A: Given:- quantity of water treated =12MGD Lime and soda process To find:- a)total hardness ,carbonate…

Q: PV laundry facility uses 1 m³/min and wants to design an exchange process to remove hardness from…

A: Given, Water used by PV Laundary= Q=1m3/min The concentration of ions in Municipal water: Ca+2 = 80…

Concept explainers

Fluid Materials

In general terms, anything that flows can be termed as a fluid. In other words, a fluid is any substance that cannot resist shear forces and deforms continuously under the application of external shear forces. Fluid materials differ completely from solid materials such as metals and alloys. For instance, if we consider two infinitesimally small cross-sectional areas of fluid materials and solid materials, and apply shear forces to these elements, both the elements will undergo deformation. Upon releasing the shear force, the element of the solid materials will regain its original orientation, but the element of the fluid materials will keep on deforming continuously under the action of the shear force.

Question

### Determining Lime and Soda Ash Doses for Water Softening

#### Problem Statement:
Determine the lime and soda ash dose, in mg/L as CaCO₃, to soften the following water to a final hardness of less than 90.0 mg/L as CaCO₃. The cost details are as follows:

- **Lime Cost:** $61.70 per megagram (Mg), with 90% purity.
- **Soda Ash Cost:** $172.50 per Mg, with 97% purity.

Calculate the annual chemical cost of treating 0.050 m³/s of this water.

#### Ion Concentrations (mg/L as CaCO₃):

- **Ca²⁺:** 137.0 mg/L
- **Mg²⁺:** 60.0 mg/L
- **HCO₃⁻:** 197.0 mg/L
- **CO₂:** 90.0 mg/L

#### Steps Involved:
1. Calculate the amount of lime and soda ash required to achieve the desired water hardness.
2. Adjust for chemical purity.
3. Compute the cost based on the treated water volume per second over a year.

### Notes:

- Ensure conversions account for continuous treatment over time.
- Consider efficiency adjustments based on purity percentages for both lime and soda ash.

Expert Solution

This question has been solved!

Explore an expertly crafted, step-by-step solution for a thorough understanding of key concepts.

This is a popular solution!

SEE SOLUTION Check out a sample Q&A here

Step 1

VIEW

Step 2

VIEW

Step 3

VIEW

Trending now

This is a popular solution!

Step by step

Solved in 3 steps with 3 images

SEE SOLUTION Check out a sample Q&A here

Knowledge Booster

Learn more about

Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, civil-engineering and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.

Similar questions

For the following water, determine the amount of lime and soda hash in mg/L as CaCO3 required to soften the water to 80 mg/L hardness as CaCO3 Compound Concentration (mg/L as CaCO3) 44.2 CO₂ Ca2+ 87.4 Mg2+ 96.3 Nat 94.7 HCO3 204.6 SO42- 73.8
Calculate the amount of fresh water, cement and CaCl2 required to mix 75 bbls of Cement with 2% BWOC CaCl2 (Mix water = 4.97 gal/sk, yield = 1/.15 ct/sk)
4-20
Which of the following is not an apparatus or supplies for the Plastic Limit O flat glass plates for mixing soil and for rolling threads ) Distilled water O A length of rod 3 mm in diameter and 100 mm long ) Casagrande apparatus Based on the below data from a sieve analysis test, what is the cumulative percent retained above 1.25 mm sieve: Sieve Mass Size Retained 5.00 mm 10 2.50 mm 40 1.25 mm 30 630 pm| 120 315 um 12 8 160 μm Pan O 64% 36% O 22.5% O77.5% The hydrometer method is based on Stokes equation for the velocity of a freely 8 (Ctrl) - falling sphere. True False
Determined and fil-up the unknown data of the given table. Physical Properties Mix Design Specific Dry-rodded Materials Fineness Estimated Absolute gravity weight ft3 Absorption modulus Ib/yd3 Ib/yd3 (SSD) Ib/ft3 Cement 3.15 ? ? Sand 2.64 0.7 2.72 11/2 62.4 Ib/ft Gravel 2.67 0.5 100.5 Water ? Vol. of entrapped air w/C = ? GIVEN: Specification Requirements compressive strength, psi 4000 Slump, in. 3 4
A//If the concentration of Ca is 56.4 mg/L and of Mg is 8.8 mg/L in water, what is the total hardness of the water expressed in rng/L of caco;?
For a natural raw water containing the following water quality in the table. Check lecture 05 slides on page 52 to determine how much slaked lime is needed remove all hardness. Atomic weight or molecular Concentration weight (g/mol) 120 mg/L 100 mg/L as CaCO3 25 meg/L Ca2+ 40 Mg2+ HCO3 24 61 O A. 5 meq/L О В. 700 mg-СаСОЗ/L O C. 15 meq/L O D. No lime is needed.
You are asked to design a water softening system to bring following water to a final hardness if 75.0 mg/L as CaCO3. The ion concentrations reported below are all mg/L as CaCO3. Ca2+ = 240.00; Mg2+ = 90.0; HCO3- = 268.0; and CO2= 18.0 The total lime required and initial NCH are nearly 1. 330 and 268 mg/L as CaCO3 2. 376 and 62 mg/L as CaCO3 3. 330 and 27 mg/L as CaCO3 4. 376 and 268 mg/L as CaCO3
I) Two aggregates (Al and A2) were obtained from the field. A sieve analysis was performed on each sample, and the samples (originally 500g in mass) were brought to the oven dry condition (OD) and weighed. Data was obtained for each of the aggregates and is presented in the tables below. (Density of water-1g/cm) Table 1. Results from sieve analysis. Sieve Size Opening (mm) Weight of Aggregate retained (g) A1 A2 3/8" 9.5 No. 4 4.75 65 No. 8 2.36 60 25 No. 16 1.18 100 396 No. 30 0.6 50 No. 50 0.3 118.5 10 No. 100 0.15 75 15 Pan 75 Table 2. Absorption capacity and moisture content data. Al A2 500 g 500 g Field Weight Oven Dry Weight Absorption Capacity (%) 0.7 % 498.5 g 496 g 0.6 % a) Plot the grading curve for each aggregate (x-axis: sieve opening, y-axis: %passing). (Note: In the grading curves, you must show all data points. You can draw the gradation chart using excel or by hand. If you draw by hand, you have to use a ruler. The format of the gradation chart should be same as in the…
A box measuring 50 cm x 50 cm x 50 cm is filled to the top with dry coarse aggregate of mass 187.5 kg. The water absorption and specific gravity of the aggregate are 0.5% and 2.5, respectively. The maximum quantity of water (in kg, round off to 2 decimal places) required to fill the box completely is bris