38. a Stool frequency after 2, 4 and 6 weeks of treatment -0.4 Stool frequency (Estimated effect ± 95% CI) -0.2 0.0 p=0.090 p=0.083 0.2 0.4 b Stool consistency after 2, 4 and 6 weeks of treatment Stool consistency (Estimated effect ± 95% CI) 2 p=0.023 H -1.5 O p=0.046 -1.0 -0.5 0.5 1.0 Favors EpiCor Favors placebo 0.0 1.5 o Total cohort o Severe subgroup Moderate subgroup Favors EpiCor Favors placebo Fig. 4 Mean differences between EpiCor and placebo on stool frequency (a) and consistency (b) on the three cohorts. Legend: A linear mixed model analysis that takes into account the differences between groups at baseline was used (p-values <0.05 are depicted in bold text, p-values <0.1 are depicted in regular text) The figure above is from a study by Pinheiro et al. (2017) on a nutritional ingredient called 'EpiCor'; that looks at its effects on GI discomfort and constipation. The figure depicts the effects of EpiCor on stool frequency and stool consistency in the overall cohort (moderate+severe), the 'moderate' symptoms subgroup and the 'severe' symptoms subgroup. Based on the figure, answer the following questions: A. Did EpiCor have a significant effect on stool frequency? If so, at what time points and in which group was the effect noted? B. Did EpiCor have a significant effect on stool consistency? Is so, at what time points and in which group was the effect noted? C. What statistical analysis would you use for analyzing this data?

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38.
a
Stool frequency
after 2, 4 and 6 weeks of treatment
Stool frequency
(Estimated effect ± 95%CI)
-0.4
-0.2
p=0.090
0.0
p=0.083
0.2
b
0.4
Stool consistency
after 2, 4 and 6 weeks of treatment
Stool consistency
(Estimated effect ± 95% Cl)
-1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0.0
0.5 1.0
Favors EpiCor Favors placebo
Favors EpiCor Favors placebo
Fig. 4 Mean differences between EpiCor and placebo on stool frequency (a) and consistency (b) on the three cohorts. Legend: A linear mixed
model analysis that takes into account the differences between groups at baseline was used (p-values <0.05 are depicted in bold text, p-values
<0.1 are depicted in regular text)
2 p=0.023 H
C
p=0.046
o Total cohort
o Severe subgroup
Moderate subgroup
1.5
The figure above is from a study by Pinheiro et al. (2017)
on a nutritional ingredient called 'EpiCor'; that looks at its
effects on GI discomfort and constipation. The figure
depicts the effects of EpiCor on stool frequency and stool
consistency in the overall cohort (moderate+severe), the
'moderate' symptoms subgroup and the 'severe' symptoms
subgroup. Based on the figure, answer the following
questions:
A. Did EpiCor have a significant effect on stool frequency?
If so, at what time points and in which group was the
effect noted? (1
B. Did EpiCor have a significant effect on stool
consistency? Is so, at what time points and in which
group was the effect noted?
C. What statistical analysis would you use for analyzing
this data?
Transcribed Image Text:38. a Stool frequency after 2, 4 and 6 weeks of treatment Stool frequency (Estimated effect ± 95%CI) -0.4 -0.2 p=0.090 0.0 p=0.083 0.2 b 0.4 Stool consistency after 2, 4 and 6 weeks of treatment Stool consistency (Estimated effect ± 95% Cl) -1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 Favors EpiCor Favors placebo Favors EpiCor Favors placebo Fig. 4 Mean differences between EpiCor and placebo on stool frequency (a) and consistency (b) on the three cohorts. Legend: A linear mixed model analysis that takes into account the differences between groups at baseline was used (p-values <0.05 are depicted in bold text, p-values <0.1 are depicted in regular text) 2 p=0.023 H C p=0.046 o Total cohort o Severe subgroup Moderate subgroup 1.5 The figure above is from a study by Pinheiro et al. (2017) on a nutritional ingredient called 'EpiCor'; that looks at its effects on GI discomfort and constipation. The figure depicts the effects of EpiCor on stool frequency and stool consistency in the overall cohort (moderate+severe), the 'moderate' symptoms subgroup and the 'severe' symptoms subgroup. Based on the figure, answer the following questions: A. Did EpiCor have a significant effect on stool frequency? If so, at what time points and in which group was the effect noted? (1 B. Did EpiCor have a significant effect on stool consistency? Is so, at what time points and in which group was the effect noted? C. What statistical analysis would you use for analyzing this data?
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