32 CHAPTER 3 Quantifying the Extent of TABLE TABLE 3-10 Alcohol Use and Outcome of Pregnancy Delivered Full Term Miscarriage 4 Chole 14 Heavy alcohol use me No heavy alcohol 46 36 Plac use ఈ TABLE 3-11 Incident Coronary Artery Disease by Treatment Number with Number of Coronary Artery Participants Disease Cholesterol medication 400 28 Placebo 440 400 42 70 the first trimester of pregnancy and miscarriage. Fifty women who suffered miscarriage are enrolled, along with 50 who delivered full-term. Each participant's use of alcohol during pregnancy is ascertained. Heavy drinking is defined as four or more drinks on one occasion. The data are shown in Table 3-10. a. Compute the odds of miscarriage in women with heavy alcohol use during pregnancy b. Compute the odds of miscarriage in women with no heavy alcohol use during pregnancy. TABLE 3-12 Total Follow-Up Time by Treatment Number with Total Follow-Up (years) Coronary Artery Disease Cholesterol 3451 28 medication 2984 42 Placebo c. Which measure is more appropriate in this design, the relative risk or odds ratio? Justify briefly. 5 In the study described in Problem 4, some patients were not followed for a total of 10 years. Some suffered rants (i e develoned co
Compound Probability
Compound probability can be defined as the probability of the two events which are independent. It can be defined as the multiplication of the probability of two events that are not dependent.
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Probability theory is a branch of mathematics that deals with the subject of probability. Although there are many different concepts of probability, probability theory expresses the definition mathematically through a series of axioms. Usually, these axioms express probability in terms of a probability space, which assigns a measure with values ranging from 0 to 1 to a set of outcomes known as the sample space. An event is a subset of these outcomes that is described.
Conditional Probability
By definition, the term probability is expressed as a part of mathematics where the chance of an event that may either occur or not is evaluated and expressed in numerical terms. The range of the value within which probability can be expressed is between 0 and 1. The higher the chance of an event occurring, the closer is its value to be 1. If the probability of an event is 1, it means that the event will happen under all considered circumstances. Similarly, if the probability is exactly 0, then no matter the situation, the event will never occur.
a. Compute the relative risk of coronary artery disease in patients receiving the new cholesterol medication as compared to those receiving a placebo.
b. Compute the odds ratio of coronary artery disease in patients receiving the new cholesterol medication as compared to those receiving a placebo.
c. Which measure is more appropriate in this design, the relative risk or odds ratio? Justify briefly.
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