30 11110 31 11111 2 1 The "Bit-Flips" column shows how many bits need to be flipped at that step. Note that to go from a count of 0 to 1, we only need to flip the last bit. But when we increase the count from 1 to 2, we need to flip the last two bits. (a) Argue why you need O(n2") bit-flips to count from 0 to 2" - 1. (b). How many times is the ith bit flipped when we count from 0 to 2" - 1? Assume that the leftmost bit is i = 0 and the rightmost bit is i = n- 1. (Hint: If you're not sure, compute it by hand for the example above. Can you deduce a pattern?) Show that, in fact, it takes (2") bit flips to go from 0 to 2" – 1. (Hint: Use the answer from part (c)

Systems Architecture
7th Edition
ISBN:9781305080195
Author:Stephen D. Burd
Publisher:Stephen D. Burd
Chapter3: Data Representation
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 28VE
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Running times of counting. Consider an n-bit counter that counts from 0 to 2" - 1. At each
step, its value is incremented. For example, when n = 5, the counter has the following values:
Step
0
1
⠀
30
31
2
3
4
(a)
(b)
(c)
Value # Bit-Flips
00000
00001
00010
00011
00100
11110
11111
The "Bit-Flips" column shows how many bits need to be flipped at that step. Note that to go from a count
of 0 to 1, we only need to flip the last bit. But when we increase the count from 1 to 2, we need to flip the
last two bits.
1
2
1
3
2
1
(b))
Argue why you need O(n2") bit-flips to count from 0 to 2" - 1.
How many times is the ith bit flipped when we count from 0 to 2" – 1? Assume that the leftmost
bit is i = 0 and the rightmost bit is i = n − 1.
(Hint: If you're not sure, compute it by hand for the example above. Can you deduce a pattern?)
Show that, in fact, it takes (2") bit flips to go from 0 to 2" – 1. (Hint: Use the answer from part
Transcribed Image Text:Running times of counting. Consider an n-bit counter that counts from 0 to 2" - 1. At each step, its value is incremented. For example, when n = 5, the counter has the following values: Step 0 1 ⠀ 30 31 2 3 4 (a) (b) (c) Value # Bit-Flips 00000 00001 00010 00011 00100 11110 11111 The "Bit-Flips" column shows how many bits need to be flipped at that step. Note that to go from a count of 0 to 1, we only need to flip the last bit. But when we increase the count from 1 to 2, we need to flip the last two bits. 1 2 1 3 2 1 (b)) Argue why you need O(n2") bit-flips to count from 0 to 2" - 1. How many times is the ith bit flipped when we count from 0 to 2" – 1? Assume that the leftmost bit is i = 0 and the rightmost bit is i = n − 1. (Hint: If you're not sure, compute it by hand for the example above. Can you deduce a pattern?) Show that, in fact, it takes (2") bit flips to go from 0 to 2" – 1. (Hint: Use the answer from part
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