3. The previous study, which had a sample size of only 12, was a pilot study for a larger follow-up study to investigating Cadmium levels in Boletus pinicola in which researchers plan estimate the mean Cadmium concentrations to within 0.1 ppm at the same confidence level. It is common to use the sample standard deviation of a pilot study in place of the population standard deviation for sample-size calculations. (Hint: "within 0.1 ppm" means that the maximum confidence interval width is (2)(0.1)=0.2 ppm. Now how does confidence level relate to margin of error?) (a) Fill in the following quantities: E = O = = Hint: E is NOT the margin of error in the previous problem. (b) Draw a fully labeled picture that illustrates how to find ze. Find the value of ze and show your calculator or spreadsheet syntax. ||

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confidence level= 0.95

sd= 0.3521

3. The previous study, which had a sample size of only 12, was a pilot study for a larger follow-up study to investigate Cadmium levels in *Boletus pinicola* in which researchers plan to estimate the mean Cadmium concentrations to within 0.1 ppm at the same confidence level. It is common to use the sample standard deviation of a pilot study in place of the population standard deviation for sample-size calculations.

(Hint: “within 0.1 ppm” means that the maximum confidence interval width is \(2(0.1) = 0.2\) ppm. Now how does confidence level relate to margin of error?)

(a) Fill in the following quantities:

\[ E = \]
\[ c = \]
\[ \sigma = \]

*Hint: \(E\) is NOT the margin of error in the previous problem.*

(b) Draw a fully labeled picture that illustrates how to find \( z_c \). Find the value of \( z_c \) and show your calculator or spreadsheet syntax.

\[ z_c = \]

(Diagram: Normal distribution curve labeled on the horizontal axis, representing how to find the critical value \( z_c \).)

(c) Find the minimum sample size needed to attain the desired margin of error. Show your work.
Transcribed Image Text:3. The previous study, which had a sample size of only 12, was a pilot study for a larger follow-up study to investigate Cadmium levels in *Boletus pinicola* in which researchers plan to estimate the mean Cadmium concentrations to within 0.1 ppm at the same confidence level. It is common to use the sample standard deviation of a pilot study in place of the population standard deviation for sample-size calculations. (Hint: “within 0.1 ppm” means that the maximum confidence interval width is \(2(0.1) = 0.2\) ppm. Now how does confidence level relate to margin of error?) (a) Fill in the following quantities: \[ E = \] \[ c = \] \[ \sigma = \] *Hint: \(E\) is NOT the margin of error in the previous problem.* (b) Draw a fully labeled picture that illustrates how to find \( z_c \). Find the value of \( z_c \) and show your calculator or spreadsheet syntax. \[ z_c = \] (Diagram: Normal distribution curve labeled on the horizontal axis, representing how to find the critical value \( z_c \).) (c) Find the minimum sample size needed to attain the desired margin of error. Show your work.
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