3.) Calculate the benefit of adding AlO nanoparticles to the x = 0.005 and the x = 0.02 mass fraction mixtures using the Kedzierski (2012) model: 14 9up = 1 + 9PL 1.45×10 [s m] N np A IG OVLPX 3/2 Dap (9) PL. (Pp-P₁) g(1-x₂)² np Assume that for x = 0.005 (Nap/As)G= 3 x 1020 m² and for x = 0.02 (Nnp/As)G= 4 x 102⁰ m²². The properties of the AlO nanoparticles are: AIO nanoparticles Dup (nm) 10 Php (kg/m³) 3600

3.) Calculate the benefit of adding AlO nanoparticles to the x = 0.005 and the x = 0.02 mass fraction mixtures using the Kedzierski (2012) model: 14 9up = 1 + 9PL 1.45×10 [s m] N np A IG OVLPX 3/2 Dap (9) PL. (Pp-P₁) g(1-x₂)² np Assume that for x = 0.005 (Nap/As)G= 3 x 1020 m² and for x = 0.02 (Nnp/As)G= 4 x 102⁰ m²². The properties of the AlO nanoparticles are: AIO nanoparticles Dup (nm) 10 Php (kg/m³) 3600

Elements Of Electromagnetics

7th Edition

ISBN:9780190698614

Author:Sadiku, Matthew N. O.

Publisher:Sadiku, Matthew N. O.

ChapterMA: Math Assessment

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1.1MA

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Concept explainers

Properties of Pure Substances

A substance with fixed chemical composition throughout is called a pure substance like water, air, and nitrogen. A pure substance does not have to be a single element or compound. A mixture of two or more phases of a pure substance is also a pure substance as long as the chemical composition is the same for all phases. These substances mainly have a constant/ uniform composition. The substances also have fixed boiling and melting points. A pure substance takes part in a chemical reaction to form predictable products.

Question

Use the Kedzierski (2003) refrigerant/lubricant mixture pool boiling model to predict the boiling
heat transfer coefficient (hm) for a range of superheats (AT, = 8 K to 40 K) and Ts=277.6 K:
5.9×10 (1-x₂)ph AT, k₂ (1-e)
x,To,
Where
1
hm
=
T-T,
Г
x,T,o,
PLP% 5.9x10' (1-x₂)ph AT,
0.7551 (1-x₂) 18.75AP, (1-x₂) 18.75×10-¹ [m]p, (1-x)
Xp Prv
XbPr
XbPrv
KL
(W/mK)
0.139
Assume that λ = 1.34 for xb=0.005 and that λ = 0.3 for xb = 0.02.
The properties of the refrigerant (R123) at the film temperature are:
R123
hig
Or
(J/kg)
(N/m)
179692.3 0.01764
The properties of the mineral oil (lubricant) are:
York-C
V
(cSt)
60
PL
(kg/m³)
917.8
Prv
(kg/m³)
2.701
VL
(m²/s)
6 x 10-5
OL
(N/m)
0.026

3.) Calculate the benefit of adding AIO nanoparticles to the x = 0.005 and the x = 0.02 mass
fraction mixtures using the Kedzierski (2012) model:
9ap = 1 +
9PL
1.45×10 [s m¹]
No
VPX
Ą,
3/2
Dm (9.)³¹² P₁ (Pm - P₁) 8 (1-x)²
Assume that for x = 0.005 (Nap/As)G= 3 x 1020 m² and for x = 0.02 (Nnp/As)G= 4 x 10²⁰ m².
The properties of the AlO nanoparticles are:
AIO nanoparticles
Dup
(nm)
10
Pnp
(kg/m³)
3600
np
Plot - versus q "PL where q "PL is varied from 5000 W/m² to 30000 W/m². Remember that q'n
9PL
= q "PL/1 W/m². Which mass fraction benefits the most from the addition of nanoparticles.
Explain why? Use the results of part 1 of this problem for the refrigerant/lubricant without
nanoparticles in your explanation.

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