3. a. Calculate the predicted solubility of CO2 in equilibrium with calcite (i.e., the concentration of CO3) in seawater having a Ca2+ concentration of 10.37 mmol/kg. Assume activity coefficients of 1 for both Ca²+ and CO3² in seawater. First calculate the equilibrium constant at standard P and T. CaCO3(s) Ca2+(aq) + CO3(aq) b. Calculate the predicted CO2 concentration in equilibrium with aragonite. c. Which mineral, calcite or aragonite, is more soluble? Why? d. The concentrations of Ca2+ and CO₂-² are 10.3 mmol/kg and ≈ 270 μmol/kg respectively in the upper ocean (upper 50 m or so). What does this mean for a calcite or aragonite mineral floating around (like a shell of an organism or a coral)? e. Below 3 to 4 km depth in the ocean, all calcite dissolves. This happens for two reasons illustrated in the graph below. What are these two reasons? DEPTH (km) 40 80 [co] (μmol/kg) • 8000 120 160 200 240 280 ATLANTIC 18°S-31°W ARAGONITE SATURATION CALCITE SATURATION 10
3. a. Calculate the predicted solubility of CO2 in equilibrium with calcite (i.e., the concentration of CO3) in seawater having a Ca2+ concentration of 10.37 mmol/kg. Assume activity coefficients of 1 for both Ca²+ and CO3² in seawater. First calculate the equilibrium constant at standard P and T. CaCO3(s) Ca2+(aq) + CO3(aq) b. Calculate the predicted CO2 concentration in equilibrium with aragonite. c. Which mineral, calcite or aragonite, is more soluble? Why? d. The concentrations of Ca2+ and CO₂-² are 10.3 mmol/kg and ≈ 270 μmol/kg respectively in the upper ocean (upper 50 m or so). What does this mean for a calcite or aragonite mineral floating around (like a shell of an organism or a coral)? e. Below 3 to 4 km depth in the ocean, all calcite dissolves. This happens for two reasons illustrated in the graph below. What are these two reasons? DEPTH (km) 40 80 [co] (μmol/kg) • 8000 120 160 200 240 280 ATLANTIC 18°S-31°W ARAGONITE SATURATION CALCITE SATURATION 10
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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![3. a. Calculate the predicted solubility of CO2 in equilibrium with calcite (i.e., the concentration of
CO3) in seawater having a Ca2+ concentration of 10.37 mmol/kg. Assume activity coefficients of 1
for both Ca²+ and CO3² in seawater. First calculate the equilibrium constant at standard P and T.
CaCO3(s) Ca2+(aq) + CO3(aq)
b. Calculate the predicted CO2 concentration in equilibrium with aragonite.
c. Which mineral, calcite or aragonite, is
more soluble? Why?
d. The concentrations of Ca2+ and CO₂-²
are 10.3 mmol/kg and ≈ 270 μmol/kg
respectively in the upper ocean (upper
50 m or so). What does this mean for a
calcite or aragonite mineral floating
around (like a shell of an organism or a
coral)?
e. Below 3 to 4 km depth in the ocean,
all calcite dissolves. This happens for
two reasons illustrated in the graph
below. What are these two reasons?
DEPTH (km)
40
80
[co] (μmol/kg)
• 8000
120
160 200 240 280
ATLANTIC
18°S-31°W
ARAGONITE
SATURATION
CALCITE
SATURATION
10](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F40ec67af-501e-4436-9990-ab271ce7d8d3%2Fa537a3ef-fa8a-419c-a4f0-70777fadb9a8%2F4auqrzd_processed.png&w=3840&q=75)
Transcribed Image Text:3. a. Calculate the predicted solubility of CO2 in equilibrium with calcite (i.e., the concentration of
CO3) in seawater having a Ca2+ concentration of 10.37 mmol/kg. Assume activity coefficients of 1
for both Ca²+ and CO3² in seawater. First calculate the equilibrium constant at standard P and T.
CaCO3(s) Ca2+(aq) + CO3(aq)
b. Calculate the predicted CO2 concentration in equilibrium with aragonite.
c. Which mineral, calcite or aragonite, is
more soluble? Why?
d. The concentrations of Ca2+ and CO₂-²
are 10.3 mmol/kg and ≈ 270 μmol/kg
respectively in the upper ocean (upper
50 m or so). What does this mean for a
calcite or aragonite mineral floating
around (like a shell of an organism or a
coral)?
e. Below 3 to 4 km depth in the ocean,
all calcite dissolves. This happens for
two reasons illustrated in the graph
below. What are these two reasons?
DEPTH (km)
40
80
[co] (μmol/kg)
• 8000
120
160 200 240 280
ATLANTIC
18°S-31°W
ARAGONITE
SATURATION
CALCITE
SATURATION
10
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