3. (a) Explain the principle of effective stress and its importance ingeotechnical engineering.(b) A sand stratum 6.0 m deep is overlaying a 8.0 m clay stratum.The ground water table is located at a depth of 2.0 m belowthe ground surface. The bulk unit weight above the water tableis 18.68 kN/m³. The saturated unit weight for the sand is 20.31kN/m³ and the saturated unit weight for the sand is 16.57kN/m³. Consider the unit weight of water as 9.81 kN/m³.Calculate the effective stress at the centre of the clay layer.2 m6 mSand8 mClay(c) The water table is located at a depth of 3.0 m below the groundsurface in a deposit of sand 11.0 m thick. The sand is saturatedabove the water table. The saturated unit weight of the sand is20 kN/m³. Consider the unit weight of water as 9.81 kN/m³.Calculate the (a) the total stress, (b) the pore water pressureand (c) the effective stress at depths 0, 3, 7, and 11 m from theground surface, and draw the pressure distribution diagram.

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Engineering

Civil Engineering

3. (a) Explain the principle of effective stress and its importance in geotechnical engineering.

Principles of Foundation Engineering (MindTap Course List)

9th Edition

ISBN:9781337705028

Author:Braja M. Das, Nagaratnam Sivakugan

Publisher:Braja M. Das, Nagaratnam Sivakugan

Chapter2: Geotechnical Properties Of Soil

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 2.15P

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Concept explainers

Methods to Determine Vertical Stress

The load applied to the soil is transferred to the underground. The presence of water at soil pores and solid grains above the soil are the primary components that are responsible for the effective load transfer. Due to the load acting, the internal component of the soil or the underground formations undergoes deformations or a tectonic shift. The amount of deformation depends upon the amount of load acting on the soil surface, which indeed, depends on the weight of everything present above the soil. Due to this, the underground soil element develops internal stresses which try to resist the tectonic changes.

Question

3. (a) Explain the principle of effective stress and its importance in
geotechnical engineering.
(b) A sand stratum 6.0 m deep is overlaying a 8.0 m clay stratum.
The ground water table is located at a depth of 2.0 m below
the ground surface. The bulk unit weight above the water table
is 18.68 kN/m³. The saturated unit weight for the sand is 20.31
kN/m³ and the saturated unit weight for the sand is 16.57
kN/m³. Consider the unit weight of water as 9.81 kN/m³.
Calculate the effective stress at the centre of the clay layer.
2 m
6 m
Sand
8 m
Clay
(c) The water table is located at a depth of 3.0 m below the ground
surface in a deposit of sand 11.0 m thick. The sand is saturated
above the water table. The saturated unit weight of the sand is
20 kN/m³. Consider the unit weight of water as 9.81 kN/m³.
Calculate the (a) the total stress, (b) the pore water pressure
and (c) the effective stress at depths 0, 3, 7, and 11 m from the
ground surface, and draw the pressure distribution diagram.

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