The ground water table in a deep deposit of sand is located at 4 m from the ground level. Due to capillary action, sand is saturated for a height of 1 m from the water table. The degree of saturation of the sand above the capillary fringe is 40%. If the specific gravity of solids and average void ratio of the sand are 2.68 and 0.72 respectively. Determine the effective stress (in kPa) at 4 m and 10 m from the ground level. Consider the standard value for unit weight of water.

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Sediment transport

Sediment transport or Soil transport is the movement of solid particles, usually due to the combination of gravitational forces acting on the sediment, and the movement of the liquid at which the sediment enters. Soil erosion occurs in natural systems where the particles are sandstones (sand, rocks), mud, or clay; the liquid is air, water, or ice; and the gravitational force that works to move particles to the landing surface. Sediment transportation or soil migration due to the movement of liquids occurs in rivers, lakes, lakes, oceans, and other bodies of water as a result of currents and waves. Transportation is also caused by glaciers as they flow, and to places on earth under the influence of wind. Soil erosion due to gravity alone is possible in most sloping areas, including hills, scarves, cliffs, and the continental shelf — the continental boundary of the slope.