3: You are a physiologist on a space flight to a distant planet. You discover intelligent humanoid aliens inhabiting the planet, and they willingly submit to your tests. You discover that the alien's kidney handles the sugar alcohol mannitol just like our kidneys handle inulin. You also test the alien for its renal handling of glucose. The data from that experiment are: Plasma level (constant over 24 hrs): 6 g/dL of mannitol and 2 g/dL of glucose; 24 hr. urine sample: volume of 2 L, containing 144 g mannitol and 52 g glucose. A. What is the alien's glomerular filtration rate? B. What is the alien's clearance rate for glucose? C. Based on this data, how does the alien kidney handle glucose?

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Osmosis

In simple words, osmosis is the slow, gradual movement of a liquid through a membrane. But there are nuances to this process. For instance, there has to be an imbalance in the distribution of solute in the liquid on either side of the membrane, which has to be semipermeable. The liquid in the region with a lower solute concentration moves to the region with a higher concentration, thereby displacing the solution in the process. The objective is to equalize the concentration of molecules on both sides of the membrane; the displacement of liquid can be viewed as a byproduct of this equalization. Since there is no energy required to carry osmosis, it is considered a passive process.