(3) The speed of light in vacuum, c, is 3 X 105 km/s and 1 kilometer = 1000 meters. How many Joules of energy are released if 2 kg of matter are converted into energy at 0.1% efficiency? First convert c to units of meters/second: c = 3 x 105 km/s x 1000 m/km = 3 x 108 m/s. Then express efficiency (eff) in decimal terms: eff = 0.001. In this type of problem, the mass/ energy equivalence equation is written as: E = (eff) mc2 Joules,

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First law of Thermodynamics

The word thermodynamics consists of two words: thermo- and dynamics. Dynamics means the study of motion. The field of thermodynamics is all about the study of the movement of heat. In a more meaningful way, it is stated as the study of the transfer of energy. Energy transfer is something that we encounter in day-to-day life. Automobiles, chemical reactions, refrigerators, and power generators work on the basis of thermodynamic principles.