2% urea is therefore (select all that apply): hyperosmotic isotonic hypotonic hypertonic hypo-osmotic iso-osmotic
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2% urea is therefore (select all that apply):
hyperosmotic
isotonic
hypotonic
hypertonic
hypo-osmotic
iso-osmotic
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- A sample was analysed for renal and liver function tests. The sample was from a 50-year- old man who had seen his GP to report problems with tiredness. The results observed were reviewed (reference ranges are given in brackets): Sodium Potassium Urea Creatinine Alkaline phosphatase Alanine aminotransferase Albumin Bilirubin Explain these results. 200 mmol/L >10 mmol/L 6.2 mmol/L 87 μmol/L 153 IU/L 34 IU/L 40 g/L 12 μmol/L (135-145) (3.5-5.0) (3.5-6.6) (70-150) (95-320) (5-42) (35-50) (<17)نقطة واحدة colloid osmotic pressure, false statement caused by plasma protein mainly albumin difference will be around 20 millimeter of mercury hypertonic compared with ICF O also called hydrostatic pressureProteinuria (protein in the urine) after intense exercise may be physiological (normal). However, protein is typically not present in urine. Why is that?
- Beans the 21kg Pit Bull needs to be put on IV fluids STAT! He is now 3% dehydrated and had 25ml of diarrhea. Calculate his fluid needs step by step using the standard 50 ml/kg/day. Calculate MR for 24 hours= Calculate HD for 24 hours= What is his CL for 24 hours= Put it all together to give me rate per hour- number. Round to the nearest whole On a standard 15 gtt/ml drip set what is his drip rate in seconds= gtt/?sec) (write as ?You have a solution of 0.30 M urea. Urea is a penetrating molecule. If you place red blood cells into this solution predict what would happen to the red blood cells (stay same, crenated, lysed). Determine: 1. the osmolarity of 0.30 M urea. Red blood cells are 0.3 Osmolar. 2. apperance/effect on RBC 3. tonicityConsider the decapeptide angiotensin I. Treatment of angiotensin I with ACE (the angiotensin-convertingenzyme) cleaves only the amide bond with the carbonyl group derivedfrom phenylalanine to afford two products. The larger polypeptide isangiotensin II, a hormone that narrows blood vessels and increasesblood pressure. Give the amino acid sequence of angiotensin II usingthree-letter abbreviations. ACE inhibitors are drugs that lower bloodpressure by inhibiting the ACE enzyme
- Kidney material balance A certain compound, molecule A,is filtered by the kidneys and possibly acted upon in the proximal and distal tubules. In the followingproblems, you’ll set up a material balance to monitor the amount of A in the blood and urine. (a) The GFR of a certain patient is 90 ml/min. The concentration of A in the bloodplasmais 30 ng/mL. The clearanceof PAH (para-aminohippuric acid) in this patient is 600 mL/min.Detemine the inputs and outputs from the glomerulus and the mass flow rate of A in the blood that leaves the nephron. (b) The amount of A in the patient’s urine is200ng/mLand the flow rate of urine production is1.5 mL/min. Based on this information, is A reabsorbed into the bloodstream,secreted into the urine, or neither?Justify your answer. (c) It’s determined that a buildup of A in the patient’s bloodstream has been causing health problems. To remedy this, adrug is prescribed that will act as an inhibitor to transporters in the proximal and distal…Hyperglycemia is a term used to describe a high glucose concenrtatoin in the blood. Explain how hyperglycemia will affect the following: osmolarity, water potential, and cells in the body.A 5% dextrose is isoosmotic to plasma. What effect would infusion of 1L of a 5% dextrose solution have on ECF and ICF volumes? How it would affect body fluid osmolality of a 70 kg individual and why?
- One person consumed 84 g of protein in 24 -h, his urine analysis has shown that he excreted 12g of nitrogen as urea, calculate the nitrogen balance for this person and mention the main situations that explain this balance.severe ketosis situations produce acidosis, explainBlood volume must be restored in a person who has lost large amounts of blood due to serious injury. This is often accomplished by infusing isotonic NaCl solution into the blood. Why is this more effective than infusing an isoosmotic solution of a penetrating solute, such as urea?
