Classes Of Functional Groups
Organic Chemistry deals mostly with carbon and hydrogens, also called hydrocarbons, but those groups which replace hydrogen and bonds with carbon to give a characteristic nature, unique of their own, to the hydrocarbon they are attached to, are called functional groups. All the compounds belonging to a functional group undergo reactions in a similar pattern and are known to have similar physical and chemical properties.
Characteristics Of Functional Groups
In organic chemistry, we encounter a number of special substituent groups which are attached to the hydrocarbon backbone. These groups impart certain characteristics to the molecule of which it is a part of and thus, become the highlight of that particular molecule.
IUPAC Nomenclature
In Chemistry, IUPAC stands for International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry which suggested a systematic naming approach for the organic and inorganic compounds, as in the beginning stage of nomenclature one single chemical compound was named in many ways by which lead to confusion. The need for this approach aroused as the number of chemical compounds newly discovered were increasing (approximately 32 million compounds) and the basic concept of nomenclature i.e. the trivial nomenclature and the derived system of nomenclature failed to overcome the challenge. It is an important task to name a chemical compound systematically and unambiguously which reduces lots of confusion about the newly reported compounds.
Rank the following compounds
![21. Rank the set of compounds in the order of increasing acidity
PH
20. Rank the set of compounds in the order of increasing solubility in water
-HO-
OH
OH
CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2OH
CH3( CH) 5OH
CH2 CH2 ( CH2) CH3
NO2
A
B.
C.
a.
ВСА
a.
СВА
b.
BAC
b. CAB
C.
СВА
C.
BAC
d.
АВС
d. BCA
B.
A,](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F5ffa22b7-ae4b-4683-9fee-dabc816214bb%2Fed432fd3-6013-4021-8c37-d2cd2c12b943%2Frd3c3sh_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
![Rank the carbocations below in order of increasing stability
A
C.
a) АВС
b) ВСА
с) СВА
d) ACB
19. Rank the set of compounds in the order of decreasing solubility in water
22. Rank the following isomeric alcohols in the order of increasing reactivity towards Lucas Test
H.-
CHECH3
-HO-
-CH3
OH
CH CH,
CH;CH2OH
HO.
A.
B.
C.
A
B.
a.
АВС
a.
ACB
b.
CAB
b.
ABC
C.
BAC
C.
СВА
d. BCA
d.
ВСА](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F5ffa22b7-ae4b-4683-9fee-dabc816214bb%2Fed432fd3-6013-4021-8c37-d2cd2c12b943%2F8x59kxt_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
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