20.3 Resistance and Resistivity Material and Shape Dependence of Resistance The resistance of an object depends on its shape and the material of which it is composed. The cylindrical resistor in Figure 20.11 is easy to analyze, and, by so doing, we can gain insight into the resistance of more complicated shapes. As you might expect, the cylinder's electric resistance R is directly proportional to its length L , similar to the resistance of a pipe to fluid flow. The longer the cylinder, the more collisions charges will make with its atoms. The greater the diameter of the cylinder, the more current it can carry (again similar to the flow of fluid through a pipe). In fact, R is inversely proportional to the cylinder's cross- sectional area A. A = area -L = length p = resistivity |=-M- R = P Figure 20.11 A uniform cylinder of length L and cross-sectional area A. Its resistance to the flow of current is similar to the resistance posed by a pipe to fluid flow. The longer the cylinder, the greater its resistance. The larger its cross-sectional area A, the smaller its resistance.
20.3 Resistance and Resistivity Material and Shape Dependence of Resistance The resistance of an object depends on its shape and the material of which it is composed. The cylindrical resistor in Figure 20.11 is easy to analyze, and, by so doing, we can gain insight into the resistance of more complicated shapes. As you might expect, the cylinder's electric resistance R is directly proportional to its length L , similar to the resistance of a pipe to fluid flow. The longer the cylinder, the more collisions charges will make with its atoms. The greater the diameter of the cylinder, the more current it can carry (again similar to the flow of fluid through a pipe). In fact, R is inversely proportional to the cylinder's cross- sectional area A. A = area -L = length p = resistivity |=-M- R = P Figure 20.11 A uniform cylinder of length L and cross-sectional area A. Its resistance to the flow of current is similar to the resistance posed by a pipe to fluid flow. The longer the cylinder, the greater its resistance. The larger its cross-sectional area A, the smaller its resistance.
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Resistance and Resistivity
• Explain the concept of resistivity.
• Use resistivity to calculate the resistance of specified configurations of material.
• Use the thermal coefficient of resistivity to calculate the change of resistance with temperature.
Transcribed Image Text:20.3 Resistance and Resistivity
Material and Shape Dependence of Resistance
The resistance of an object depends on its shape and the material of which it is composed. The cylindrical resistor in Figure
20.11 is easy to analyze, and, by so doing, we can gain insight into the resistance of more complicated shapes. As you might
expect, the cylinder's electric resistance R is directly proportional to its length L , similar to the resistance of a pipe to fluid flow.
The longer the cylinder, the more collisions charges will make with its atoms. The greater the diameter of the cylinder, the more
current it can carry (again similar to the flow of fluid through a pipe). In fact, R is inversely proportional to the cylinder's cross-
sectional area A.
A = area
-L = length
p = resistivity
|=-M-
R = P
Figure 20.11 A uniform cylinder of length L and cross-sectional area A. Its resistance to the flow of current is similar to the resistance posed by a
pipe to fluid flow. The longer the cylinder, the greater its resistance. The larger its cross-sectional area A, the smaller its resistance.
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