2. There is some evidence indicating that people with visible tattoos are viewed more negatively than people without visible tattoos (Resenhoeft, Villa, & Wiseman, 2008). In a similar study, a researcher first obtained overall ratings of attractiveness for a woman with no tattoos shown in a color photograph. On a 7-point scale, the woman received an average rating of u normal with a standard deviation of o = 0.84. The researcher then modified the photo by adding a tattoo of a butterfly on the woman's left arm. The modified photo was then shown to a sample of n = 16 stu- dents at a local community college and the students used the same 7-poirt scale to rate the attractiveness of the woman. The average score for the photo with the tattoo was M 42, 4.9, and the distribution of ratings was a. Do the data indicate a significant difference in rated attractiveness when the woman appeared to have a tattoo? Use a two-tailed test with a = .05. b. Compute Cohen's d to measure the size of the effect. c. Write a sentence describing the outcome of the hypothesis test and the measure of effect size as it would appear in a research report.

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**Evidence and Perceptions of Tattoos**

Research suggests that individuals with visible tattoos may be viewed more negatively than those without (Resenhoeft, Villa, & Wiseman, 2008). In a related study, a researcher evaluated perceptions of attractiveness using a color photograph of a woman without tattoos. The photograph was rated on a 7-point scale, receiving an average score (µ) of 4.9, with a normal distribution and a standard deviation (σ) of 0.84. 

The researcher then altered the photograph, adding a butterfly tattoo on the woman’s left arm. This modified image was shown to 16 students from a community college. Using the same scale, the students rated the tattooed image, resulting in an average score (M) of 4.2.

a. **Purpose**: Assess whether there is a significant difference in perceived attractiveness when the woman has a tattoo, using a two-tailed test with an alpha level (α) of 0.05.

b. **Cohen’s d Calculation**: Determine the effect size to gauge the magnitude of potential differences.

c. **Research Report Description**: Summarize the findings, including the hypothesis test results and effect size measurement, as would be presented in a formal research setting.
Transcribed Image Text:**Evidence and Perceptions of Tattoos** Research suggests that individuals with visible tattoos may be viewed more negatively than those without (Resenhoeft, Villa, & Wiseman, 2008). In a related study, a researcher evaluated perceptions of attractiveness using a color photograph of a woman without tattoos. The photograph was rated on a 7-point scale, receiving an average score (µ) of 4.9, with a normal distribution and a standard deviation (σ) of 0.84. The researcher then altered the photograph, adding a butterfly tattoo on the woman’s left arm. This modified image was shown to 16 students from a community college. Using the same scale, the students rated the tattooed image, resulting in an average score (M) of 4.2. a. **Purpose**: Assess whether there is a significant difference in perceived attractiveness when the woman has a tattoo, using a two-tailed test with an alpha level (α) of 0.05. b. **Cohen’s d Calculation**: Determine the effect size to gauge the magnitude of potential differences. c. **Research Report Description**: Summarize the findings, including the hypothesis test results and effect size measurement, as would be presented in a formal research setting.
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