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2. Radical inhibitors (also known as antioxidants) prevent oxidation reactions by destroying reactive radicals and converting them to more stable forms. Using fishhook arrows, draw the arrow- pushing mechanism for the process shown below, which shows how the electrons can be delocalized across the quinone inhibitors.

2. Radical inhibitors (also known as antioxidants) prevent oxidation reactions by destroying reactive radicals and converting them to more stable forms. Using fishhook arrows, draw the arrow- pushing mechanism for the process shown below, which shows how the electrons can be delocalized across the quinone inhibitors.

Chemistry
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
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**Transcription and Explanation for Educational Website** **Title:** Mechanism of Radical Inhibition in Quinones **Content:** 1. **Introduction:** Radical inhibitors, also known as antioxidants, are crucial in preventing oxidation reactions. They achieve this by neutralizing reactive radicals, converting them into more stable forms. 2. **Mechanism Description:** The transformation process involves a mechanism where electrons are delocalized across the quinone inhibitors. This is illustrated using fishhook arrows, indicating the movement of single electrons. 3. **Diagram Explanation:** The diagram shows the transformation from a hydroquinone inhibitor to a quinone, via a semiquinone intermediate. - **Step 1:** - The hydroquinone inhibitor (leftmost structure) reacts with a radical ('·Cl') leading to the formation of a semiquinone inhibitor. This reaction involves the donation of an electron from the hydroquinone to stabilize the radical. - **Step 2:** - The semiquinone further interacts with another radical ('·Cl'), facilitating the progression to a fully delocalized quinone structure. - Resonance structures indicate the delocalization of electrons across the quinone. - **Result:** - The final product of the reactions is a quinone, along with the stabilization of two hydrogen chloride molecules (2H·Cl), signifying the neutralization of the radicals. 4. **Implications:** Understanding this mechanism is essential in biochemistry and pharmacology, as antioxidants play a critical role in protecting biological systems from oxidative damage.
Transcribed Image Text:**Transcription and Explanation for Educational Website** **Title:** Mechanism of Radical Inhibition in Quinones **Content:** 1. **Introduction:** Radical inhibitors, also known as antioxidants, are crucial in preventing oxidation reactions. They achieve this by neutralizing reactive radicals, converting them into more stable forms. 2. **Mechanism Description:** The transformation process involves a mechanism where electrons are delocalized across the quinone inhibitors. This is illustrated using fishhook arrows, indicating the movement of single electrons. 3. **Diagram Explanation:** The diagram shows the transformation from a hydroquinone inhibitor to a quinone, via a semiquinone intermediate. - **Step 1:** - The hydroquinone inhibitor (leftmost structure) reacts with a radical ('·Cl') leading to the formation of a semiquinone inhibitor. This reaction involves the donation of an electron from the hydroquinone to stabilize the radical. - **Step 2:** - The semiquinone further interacts with another radical ('·Cl'), facilitating the progression to a fully delocalized quinone structure. - Resonance structures indicate the delocalization of electrons across the quinone. - **Result:** - The final product of the reactions is a quinone, along with the stabilization of two hydrogen chloride molecules (2H·Cl), signifying the neutralization of the radicals. 4. **Implications:** Understanding this mechanism is essential in biochemistry and pharmacology, as antioxidants play a critical role in protecting biological systems from oxidative damage.
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