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- 4. Lipid peroxidation can lead to a bewildering number of different products. This is illustrated by an interesting JACS paper published by Salomon et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004, 126, 5699-5708. This paper investigates products formed from free radical reactions with Linoleic Acid (LA, 1). Both questions below refer to the above paper, please read it first. (a) Write down a reasonable mechanism for the decomposition of compound 9-HP-12 HODE (6) (compound is shown in Scheme 1 in the paper) to the corresponding hydroxy alkenal. Hint: This is a Hock-type cleavage. Please do not omit steps. Nomenclature hint - in case you forgot: An alkenal is a compound that has a C=C double bond and an aldehyde group., (b) An alternative mechanism for the formation of aldehyde fragments from unsaturated fatty acids involves formation of a hydroperoxide followed by formation of a four- membered ring, a so-called dioxetane. Provide a detailed step-by-step mechanism for the formation of two aldehyde…8. Complete and balance this equation for a redox reaction that takes place in basic solution: (20P) CN (aq) + MnO4 (aq) CNO (aq) + MnO2(s) (basic solution)4c give the product if the reaction will occur, write no reaction if none
- 1. Show the complete mechanism for the following reaction 2.) What other method or reaction also reduces benzophenone to diphenylmethane generating few pollutants to keep the environment green? Write the complete reaction.5. For the reaction 2C6H5COOH(s) + 1302(g) 50 °C. PO3 - 12CO2(g) +6H2O(l), calculate A,H° at5
- 5. Answer the following questions. a. Write the name and structure of the product obtained by the reaction of B-D-glucopyranose with acetic anhydride in the presence of pyridine at 0 °C? (water or ether) b. Which solvent, water or ether, would you prefer to purify the starting material? c. Which solvent is preferred for the purification and recrystallization of the final product from the reaction.29. A topical solution contains 3% w/v hydro- quinone. How many liters of the solution can be prepared from 30 g of hydroqui- none? 29. 1 liter1. Consider the following reaction of 1 to 2 below OH cat. HA 2 a. Draw a specific acid-catalyzed mechanism b. Draw a general acid-catalyzed mechanism c. Which acid is more likely to exhibit a general acid mechanism, HCl or acetic acid? Explain your answer in a sentence.
- Aerobic degradation of an organic compound by mixed cultureof organism in wastewater can be represented by following reaction. C3H6O3 + a O2 + b NH3 → c C5H7NO2 + d H2o + e CO2 A. Determine a, b, c, d and e, if YX/S = 0.4 d X/g S. B. Determine the yield coefficients YX/O2 and YX/NH3. C. Determine the degree of reductions for the substrate, bacteria and RQ for the organisms33 and 3415. Coupling Redox reactions The top reaction was left out of the table. It is: 1202 + 2H+ → H₂O E'o 0.816 V Determine if the reaction given will proceed in the direction written under standard conditions. Circle YES if it does. Circle NO if it doesn't. E'o acceptor - E'o donor = AE'o AG=nFAE'o F = Faraday's constant: 96.48 kJ/mol n = # electrons transferred Pyruvate + NADH + H+ lactate + NAD+ YES NO E. Pyruvate + B-hydroxybutyrate → lactate + acetoacetate YES NO Standard Reduction Potentials of Some Biologically Important Half-Reactions E" (V) 0.816 0.771 NO₂+H₂O 0.421 0.365 0.36 0.35 0.295 0.29 0.254 0.22 0.077 0.045 0.031 0.000 -0.015 -0.166 -0.185 -0.197 -0.219 -0.243 -0.29 -0.320 -0.324 -0.346 -0.38 -0.414 -0.432 TABLE 13-7 Half-reaction Fe +e-Fe" NO, +2H+2e Cytochrome f(Fe) + → cytochrome f(Fe**) Fe(CN) (ferricyanide) + e Cytochrome a, (Fe) +→ cytochrome a, (Fe²*) O₂ + 2H+2e-H₂O, Cytochrome a (Fe) +e- cytochrome a (Fe²) Cytochrome c (Fe) + e cytochrome c (Fe**) Cytochrome c,…