2. Consider the following substitution reaction: Br NaOH a) Draw the structure of the nucleophilic species: OH b) Draw the structure of the electrophilic substrate: c) Circle the correct answer: This reaction occurs via: SN1 or SN2 d) Circle the correct answer: For the above substitution reaction, which statement is FALSE? A. The process is bimolecular. B. Increasing the concentration of hydroxide will cause an increase in the rate of reaction. C. The use of a polar aprotic solvent will enhance the rate. D. The reaction proceeds via a carbocation intermediate.
Basics in Organic Reactions Mechanisms
In organic chemistry, the mechanism of an organic reaction is defined as a complete step-by-step explanation of how a reaction of organic compounds happens. A completely detailed mechanism would relate the first structure of the reactants with the last structure of the products and would represent changes in structure and energy all through the reaction step.
Heterolytic Bond Breaking
Heterolytic bond breaking is also known as heterolysis or heterolytic fission or ionic fission. It is defined as breaking of a covalent bond between two different atoms in which one atom gains both of the shared pair of electrons. The atom that gains both electrons is more electronegative than the other atom in covalent bond. The energy needed for heterolytic fission is called as heterolytic bond dissociation energy.
Polar Aprotic Solvent
Solvents that are chemically polar in nature and are not capable of hydrogen bonding (implying that a hydrogen atom directly linked with an electronegative atom is not found) are referred to as polar aprotic solvents. Some commonly used polar aprotic solvents are acetone, DMF, acetonitrile, DMSO, etc.
Oxygen Nucleophiles
Oxygen being an electron rich species with a lone pair electron, can act as a good nucleophile. Typically, oxygen nucleophiles can be found in these compounds- water, hydroxides and alcohols.
Carbon Nucleophiles
We are aware that carbon belongs to group IV and hence does not possess any lone pair of electrons. Implying that neutral carbon is not a nucleophile then how is carbon going to be nucleophilic? The answer to this is that when a carbon atom is attached to a metal (can be seen in the case of organometallic compounds), the metal atom develops a partial positive charge and carbon develops a partial negative charge, hence making carbon nucleophilic.
Please include explanations and work. Please make it easy to follow/understand by writing out all the parts.
Alkyl halides, , are very useful in organic chemistry due to their versatility. They react with a wide range of reagents, and they are usually an important point in multi-step synthesis reactions. Nucleophilic substitution reactions may happen via SN2 or SN1 mechanism, while elimination reactions may proceed via E2 or E1 mechanism.
Step by step
Solved in 2 steps with 1 images
