2. Complete the table (as outlined above) for the following molecules/molecular ions, none of which obey the Lewis octet rule. Complete those that are assigned by your laboratory instructor. е. ХeF4 i. SF6
Formal Charges
Formal charges have an important role in organic chemistry since this concept helps us to know whether an atom in a molecule is neutral/bears a positive or negative charge. Even if some molecules are neutral, the atoms within that molecule need not be neutral atoms.
Polarity Of Water
In simple chemical terms, polarity refers to the separation of charges in a chemical species leading into formation of two polar ends which are positively charged end and negatively charged end. Polarity in any molecule occurs due to the differences in the electronegativities of the bonded atoms. Water, as we all know has two hydrogen atoms bonded to an oxygen atom. As oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen thus, there exists polarity in the bonds which is why water is known as a polar solvent.
Valence Bond Theory Vbt
Valence bond theory (VBT) in simple terms explains how individual atomic orbitals with an unpaired electron each, come close to each other and overlap to form a molecular orbital giving a covalent bond. It gives a quantum mechanical approach to the formation of covalent bonds with the help of wavefunctions using attractive and repulsive energies when two atoms are brought from infinity to their internuclear distance.
 | 4 | 4 | 0 | AX<sub>4</sub> | 109.5° | Tetrahedral |
**Key Components:**
- **Lewis Structure**: Illustrates methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) with a central carbon atom bonded to four hydrogen atoms.
- **Valence Shell Electron Pairs**: Represents the total number of valence shell electron pairs, which is 4 in this case.
- **Bonding Electron Pairs**: Indicates the number of electron pairs involved in bond formation, which is also 4.
- **Nonbonding Electron Pairs**: Denotes the number of lone pairs of electrons, which is 0 for CH<sub>4</sub>.
- **VSEPR Formula**: AX<sub>4</sub> formula suggests the molecule's shape when predicted using VSEPR theory.
- **Approximate Bond Angle**: Bond angle for CH<sub>4</sub> is approximately 109.5°.
- **Geometric Shape**: The molecule has a tetrahedral geometry.
#### Further Exercises
2. Complete the table (as outlined above) for the following molecules/molecular ions, none of which obey the Lewis octet rule. Complete those that are assigned by your laboratory instructor.
- **e. XeF<sub>4</sub>**
- **i. SF<sub>6</sub>**
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